Method for finishing a workpiece made by additive manufacturing
According to the invention, a metal workpiece made by additive manufacturing is subjected, following the additive manufacturing process, to a cold treatment in which the workpiece is cooled to a lower target temperature of less than minus 30° C. in a cooling phase and is then heated up to an upper target temperature in a heating phase. The cold treatment significantly improves the properties of the workpiece in respect of the mechanical quality thereof.
1. A method for after-treating a metallic workpiece produced by means of additive manufacturing, wherein the workpiece is, after it has been manufactured, subjected to a cold treatment in which the workpiece is cooled in a cooling phase to a lower target temperature of below −30° C., held at the lower target temperature during a hold phase, and subsequently warmed in a warming phase to an upper target temperature;
wherein the cooling phase or the hold phase is interrupted by a first intermediate warming phase in which the workpiece is warmed to a first intermediate temperature and subsequently cooled;
wherein the cooling phase or the hold phase is interrupted by a second intermediate warming phase in which the workpiece is warmed to a second intermediate temperature and subsequently cooled, wherein the second intermediate temperature is different than the first intermediate temperature; and
wherein the cooling phase is interrupted by the first intermediate warming phase and the hold phase is interrupted by the second intermediate warming phase.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the workpiece has been manufactured by a powder bed process, a powder spraying process or in an additive manufacturing process by means of supply of wire.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cold treatment is used in addition to a heat treatment of the manufactured workpiece.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the lower target temperature is in the range from −50° C. to −195° C.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the upper target temperature is in the range from 20° C. to 40° C.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is held for a time of at least 30 seconds at the lower target temperature during the hold phase.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the workpiece is warmed by at least 10° C. during the first intermediate warming phase and/or the second intermediate warming phase.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cooling of the workpiece in the cooling phase and/or the warming of the workpiece in the warming phase and/or at least one of the first and second intermediate warming phases is carried out at a rate of from 1.5° C./min to 10° C./min.
9. A method for after-treating a metallic workpiece produced by means of additive manufacturing, wherein the workpiece is, after it has been manufactured, subjected to a cold treatment in which the workpiece is cooled in a cooling phase to a lower target temperature of below −30° C., held at the lower target temperature during a hold phase, and subsequently warmed in a warming phase to an upper target temperature;
wherein the cooling phase or the hold phase is interrupted by a first intermediate warming phase in which the workpiece is warmed to a first intermediate temperature and subsequently cooled;
wherein the cooling phase or the hold phase is interrupted by a second intermediate warming phase in which the workpiece is warmed to a second intermediate temperature and subsequently cooled, wherein the second intermediate temperature is different than the first intermediate temperature; and
wherein the cooling phase and/or the warming phase and/or at least one of the first and second intermediate warming phases is interrupted for a prescribed period of time during which the workpiece is essentially held at an attained temperature.
10. The method as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the workpiece is warmed by at least 50° C. during the first intermediate warming phase and/or the second intermediate warming phase.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a heating rate of the workpiece and a cooling rate of the workpiece during the first intermediate warming phase is different than a heating rate of the workpiece and a cooling rate of the workpiece during the second intermediate warming phase.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a cooling rate of the workpiece during the cooling phase is different than a heating rate of the workpiece and a cooling rate of the workpiece during the first intermediate warming phase.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the cooling rate of the workpiece during the cooling phase is lower than the heating rate of the workpiece and the cooling rate of the workpiece during the first intermediate warming phase.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the heating rate of the workpiece during the first intermediate warming phase and the cooling rate of the workpiece during the first intermediate warming phase are equal.
15. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the lower target temperature is in the range from −100° C. to −185° C.