Oligosaccharide preparations and compositions
The present disclosure relates oligosaccharide preparations suitable for use in nutritional compositions such as animal feed and methods of manufacturing the described oligosaccharide preparations. The present disclosure further relates to nutritional compositions that comprise the oligosaccharide preparations. The disclosed oligosaccharide preparations can be advantageous as an animal feed due to, at least in part, their prebiotic utility and the presence of anhydro-subunit containing oligosaccharides, which can be used to detect and/or determine the presence and content of the disclosed oligosaccharide preparations in the nutritional composition.
1. A method of manufacturing a synthetic oligosaccharide composition, the method comprising:
(a) heating an aqueous composition that comprises at least one feed sugar and a catalyst to a pre-determined temperature for a period of time sufficient to induce polymerization of said at least one feed sugar; to thereby produce a batch of a synthetic oligosaccharide preparation;
wherein said batch comprises at least 1 kg of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation; and wherein said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation comprises at least n fractions of oligosaccharides each having a distinct degree of polymerization selected from 1 (DP1 fraction) to n (DPn fraction), wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; and wherein each fraction of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation comprises from about 0.5% to about 15% anhydro-subunit containing oligosaccharides by relative abundance as measured by mass spectrometry;
(b) measuring a level of said catalyst in the produced batch of the synthetic oligosaccharide preparation;
(c) determining whether the measured catalyst level in the produced batch is less than 1 wt. % corresponding to a pre-determined acceptance criterion; and
(d) formulating at least a portion of said batch of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation only if the measured catalyst level in the produced batch meets said pre-determined acceptance criterion.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said formulating comprises adjusting the pH of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, producing a powder form of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, producing a solid form of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, packaging said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, labeling said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, releasing said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation into commerce, or offering for sale or selling said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: (+)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid; 2-pyridinesulfonic acid; 3-pyridinesulfonic acid; 8-hydroxy-5-quinolinesulfonic acid hydrate; α-hydroxy-2-pyridinemethanesulfonic acid; (β)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid; butylphosphonic acid; diphenylphosphinic acid; hexylphosphonic acid; methylphosphonic acid; phenylphosphinic acid; phenylphosphonic acid; tert-butylphosphonic acid; SS)-VAPOL hydrogenphosphate; 6-quinolinesulfonic acid, 3-(1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate; 2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanesulfonic acid; 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-p,p′-disulfonic acid monosodium salt hydrate; 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl-hydrogenphosphate; bis(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphinic acid; phenyl(3,5-xylyl)phosphinic acid; L-cysteic acid monohydrate; poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-divinylbenzene); lysine; Ethanedisulfonic acid; Ethanesulfonic acid; Isethionic acid; Homocysteic acid; HEPBS (N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(4-butanesulfonic acid)); HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid); 2-Hydroxy-3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid; 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid; Methanesulfonic acid; Methaniazide; Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid; Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid; Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid; 6-sulfoquinovose; Triflic acid; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid; Benzoic acid; Chloroacetic acid; Trifluoroacetic acid; Caproic acid; Enanthic acid; Caprylic acid; Pelargonic acid; Lauric acid; Pamitic acid; Stearic acid; Arachidic acid; Aspartic acid; Glutamic acid; Serine; Threonine; Glutamine; Cysteine; Glycine; Proline; Alanine; Valine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Tyrosine; and Tryptophan.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: Ethanedisulfonic acid; Ethanesulfonic acid; Isethionic acid; Homocysteic acid; HEPBS (N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(4-butanesulfonic acid)); HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid); 2-Hydroxy-3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid; 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid; Methanesulfonic acid; Methaniazide; Naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid; Naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid; Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid; 6-sulfoquinovose; Triflic acid; 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid; Benzoic acid; Chloroacetic acid; Trifluoroacetic acid; Caproic acid; Enanthic acid; Caprylic acid; Pelargonic acid; Lauric acid; Pamitic acid; Stearic acid; Arachidic acid; Aspartic acid; Glutamic acid; Serine; Threonine; Glutamine; Cysteine; Glycine; Proline; Alanine; Valine; Isoleucine; Leucine; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Tyrosine; and Tryptophan.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said heating comprises heating said aqueous composition for a time sufficient for said aqueous composition to reach equilibrium, wherein equilibrium is determined by a relative standard deviation of a series of Km of less than 15%, 10%, or 5%, and wherein
K
m
=
[
D
P
m
]
[
H
2
O
]
[
D
P
m
-
1
]
[
D
P
1
]
,
m is an integer larger than 1 and less than or equal to n, a series of Km comprises at least 5 Km numbers, [H 2 O] represents the molar water concentration, and [DP1], [DPm −i ], and [DPm] represent the molar concentrations of oligosaccharides in the DP1, DPm −i , and DPm fractions respectively.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said heating comprises heating said aqueous composition for at least 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hour, 8 hours, 9 hours, or 10 hours.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said feed sugar comprises functionalized or modified sugars.
8. A method of manufacturing a synthetic oligosaccharide composition, the method comprising:
(a) heating an aqueous composition that comprises at least one feed sugar and a catalyst to a pre-determined temperature for a period of time sufficient to induce polymerization of said at least one feed sugar; to thereby produce a batch of a synthetic oligosaccharide preparation; wherein said batch comprises at least 1 kg of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation; and wherein said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation comprises at least n fractions of oligosaccharides each having a distinct degree of polymerization selected from 1 (DP1 fraction) to n (DPn fraction), wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 3; and wherein each fraction of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation comprises from 0.5% to 15% anhydro-subunit containing oligosaccharides by relative abundance as measured by mass spectrometry;
(b) measuring a level of said catalyst in said produced batch of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation; and
(c) formulating at least a portion of said batch of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation only if the measured level of said catalyst in said produced batch of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation is equal to or less than 0.1 wt. % of said batch;
to thereby produce a synthetic oligosaccharide composition.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said formulating comprises adjusting the pH of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, producing a powder form of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, producing a solid form of said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, packaging said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, labeling said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation, releasing said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation into commerce, or offering for sale or selling said synthetic oligosaccharide preparation.