Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activator compounds as cancer therapeutics
The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods for the diagnosis and treatment or prevention of cancers, particularly cancers that exhibit elevated expression of FOXA1 and/or FOXA1 gene targets, such as certain breast, liver and/or prostate cancers, including luminal and/or ER-positive forms of breast cancer. Three previously identified adenosine receptor antagonists, CGS-15943, MRS-1220 and SCH-58261, as well as furan ring moiety-possessing derivatives of CGS-15943 are specifically provided for killing cancer cells in a manner that appears to involve activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by such compounds. The instant disclosure therefore provides for selecting and/or administering CGS-15943, MRS-1220, SCH-58261 and/or a furan-possessing derivative of CGS-15943, MRS-1220 and/or SCH-58261 as a therapeutic agent to target a cancer cell and/or subject having or at risk of developing a cancer. Methods and compositions for therapies that include such compounds are also provided.
1. A compound having a structure of formula I:
wherein:
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 independently represent H or Me,
wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 independently represent H; or
wherein R 1 represents methyl and R 2 and R 3 each represents H; or
wherein R 3 represents methyl and R 1 and R 2 each represents H; or
wherein both R 1 and R 3 represent methyl and R 2 represents H; or
wherein R 2 and R 3 together with the other atoms to which they are bound form an optionally substituted phenyl group;
R 4 represents H, methyl, or NR 5 R 6 wherein R 5 and R 6 independently represent H, methyl, or phenyl, provided that only one of R 5 and R 6 may represent phenyl;
and wherein R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently represent H, F, Cl, Br, methoxy, or optionally substituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl,
X represents O or N—R 10 , wherein R 10 represents H or methyl;
X 1 represents C—O or CR 4 ;
X 2 represents N or NH;
and X 3 represents CR 7 or N, provided that X 2 represents NH when X 1 represents C═O, at least one of R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 represents F, Cl, Br, methoxy, or optionally substituted C 1 -C 3 alkyl;
and further provided that if R 1 , R 2 and R 3 independently represent H and R 5 represents Cl, R 4 cannot represent NR 5 R 6 wherein R 5 and R 6 both represent H;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein:
R 4 is H;
R 4 represents methyl;
R 4 represents NR 5 R 6 , R 5 represents H and R 6 represents Me;
R 4 represents NR 5 R 6 , and R 5 and R 6 represent Me;
R 4 represents NR 5 R 6 , R 5 represents H and R 6 represents phenyl;
R 4 represents NR 5 R 6 , R 5 represents methyl and R 6 represents phenyl;
R 8 represents Cl and R 7 and R 9 each represents H;
R 8 represents F and R 7 and R 9 each represents H;
R 8 represents Br and R 7 and R 9 each represents H;
R 8 represents CF 3 and R 7 and R 9 each represents H;
R 8 represents methoxy and R 7 and R 8 each represents H;
R 9 represents CF 3 and R 7 and R 8 each represents H;
R 9 represents methoxy and R 7 and R 8 each represents H;
X represents O;
X represents NR 10 , wherein R 10 represents methyl;
X 1 represents C═O and X 2 represents NH; and/or
X 3 represents N.
3. A compound selected from the group consisting of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, amide, prodrug or stereoisomer thereof.