Building element, system and method
A building element adapted to provide thermal insulation between two building parts such as a floor or ceiling slab and a balcony slab is described. The element comprises: an elongate insulating body; a plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body so as to be disposed in use within and serve to reinforce each of the two building parts; at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body so as to be able to receive in use a post-tensioning tendon member. A building system including at least one such building element, a building structure incorporating such a building system and a method of building are also described.
1. A building element adapted to provide thermal insulation between two building parts comprising:
an elongate insulating body;
a plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body so as to be disposed in use within and serve to reinforce each of the two building parts;
at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body so as to be able to receive in use a post-tensioning tendon member,
wherein:
the insulating body comprises at least one load transfer element and at least one transition element continuously aligned with the load transfer element,
the at least one load transfer element comprises a first insulating body with the said plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the first insulating body,
the at least one transition element comprises a second insulating body with at least one of the said apertured formations formed in and extending transversely through the second insulating body,
the through apertured formation comprises a tubular member defining a through aperture, and
the tubular member comprises a central tubular sheath passing through the thickness of the elongate insulating body and an adaptor portion provided at each end thereof so disposed as to project beyond the first insulating body on either side thereof.
2. The building element in accordance with claim 1 wherein the through apertured formation defines an aperture in the building element being complementarily sized and shaped with respect to a post-tensioning tendon member such that the post-tensioning tendon member is receivable within and passes through the through aperture in use.
3. The building element in accordance with claim 1 comprising a plurality of load transfer portions and a plurality of transition portions alternately and successively aligned.
4. The building element in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the apertured formation defines an aperture of constant cross-section.
5. The building element in accordance with claim 4 wherein at least the central tubular sheath passing through the thickness of the elongate insulating body is of constant cross-section.
6. The building element in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body comprise one or more of: tensile reinforcing elements; shear reinforcing elements; compressive reinforcing elements.
7. The building element in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reinforcing elements comprise steel rods or bars.
8. The building element in accordance with claim 1 , wherein at least those portions of the reinforcing elements that project beyond the insulating body are adapted to engage within cast concrete.
9. A building system adapted to provide thermal insulation between two building parts is provided comprising:
at least one building element including:
an elongate insulating body;
a plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body so as to be disposed in use within and serve to reinforce each of the two building parts; and
at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body so as to be able to receive in use a post-tensioning tendon member;
at least one post-tensioning tendon;
each through aperture in the building element being complementarily sized and shaped with respect to each post-tensioning tendon member so that the post-tensioning tendon member is receivable within and passes through the through aperture in use,
wherein:
the insulating body comprises at least one load transfer element and at least one transition element continuously aligned with the load transfer element;
the at least one load transfer element comprises a first insulating body with the said plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the first insulating body,
the at least one transition element comprises a second insulating body with at least one of the said apertured formations formed in and extending transversely through the second insulating body,
the through apertured formation comprises a tubular member defining a through aperture, and
the tubular member comprises a central tubular sheath passing through the thickness of the elongate insulating body and an adaptor portion provided at each end thereof so disposed as to project beyond the first insulating body on either side thereof.
10. The building system in accordance with claim 9 wherein the through aperture is sized and shaped so as to receive the post-tensioning tendon member in relatively snug fit.
11. The building system in accordance with claim 9 wherein the post-tensioning tendon comprises plural elongate steel tendon strands surrounded by a protective sheath or individually sheathed plural elongate steel tendon strands.
12. The building system in accordance with claim 9 wherein the post-tensioning tendon member comprises a mechanically continuous elongate member configured to extend in use through the through aperture and provided with integral or separate anchor formations at each end configured to anchor the end of the post-tensioning tendon member to a building part during use.
13. A building structure comprising:
a building system comprising:
a building element having an elongate insulating body, a plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body, and at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body, and a post-tensioning tendon member;
at least one post-tensioning tendon;
each through aperture in the building element being complementarily sized and shaped with respect to each post-tensioning tendon member so that the post-tensioning tendon member is receivable within and passes through the through aperture in use;
a first building part engaged with the reinforcing elements on a first side of the building element;
a second building part engaged with the reinforcing elements on a second side of the building element;
wherein:
the post-tensioning tendon member is received within and passes through the through aperture and is tensioned to apply a post-tensioning load to the building structure,
the insulating body comprises at least one load transfer element and at least one transition element continuously aligned with the load transfer element,
the at least one load transfer element comprises a first insulating body with the said plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the first insulating body,
the at least one transition element comprises a second insulating body with at least one of the said apertured formations formed in and extending transversely through the second insulating body,
the through apertured formation comprises a tubular member defining a through aperture, and
the tubular member comprises a central tubular sheath passing through the thickness of the elongate insulating body and an adaptor portion provided at each end thereof so disposed as to project beyond the first insulating body on either side thereof.
14. The building structure in accordance with claim 13 wherein the post-tensioning tendon member comprises anchor formations at each end anchored to each of the building parts.
15. The building structure in accordance with claim 13 wherein each building part is a cast concrete slab.
16. The building structure in accordance with claim 13 wherein the first building part is a floor or ceiling slab and the second building part is a balcony slab and the post-tensioning tendon is tensioned to apply a post-tensioning load between the ceiling slab and the balcony slab.
17. A method of building comprising the steps of:
deploying a building element, the building element comprising:
an elongate insulating body,
a plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the insulating body between two building parts such that the reinforcing elements are disposed within and serve to reinforce each of the two building parts,
at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body so as to be able to receive in use a post-tensioning tendon member,
wherein:
the insulating body comprises at least one load transfer element and at least one transition element continuously aligned with the load transfer element,
the at least one load transfer element comprises a first insulating body with the said plurality of reinforcing elements passing through and projecting on either side beyond the first insulating body,
the at least one transition element comprises a second insulating body with at least one of the said apertured formations formed in and extending transversely through the second insulating body,
the through apertured formation comprises a tubular member defining a through aperture, and
the tubular member comprises a central tubular sheath passing through the thickness of the elongate insulating body and an adaptor portion provided at each end thereof so disposed as to project beyond the first insulating body on either side thereof; and
providing at least one through apertured formation extending transversely through the insulating body suitable to receive a post-tensioning tendon member.
18. The method of building in accordance with claim 17 wherein the through apertured formation defines an aperture in the building element being complementarily sized and shaped with respect to a post-tensioning tendon member with which it is to be used such that the post-tensioning tendon member is receivable within and passes through the through aperture in use.
19. The method of building in accordance with claim 17 further comprising the steps of:
deploying a post-tensioning tendon member within and passing through the through aperture;
tensioning the post-tensioning tendon member to apply a post-tensioning load between the two building parts.
20. The method of building in accordance with claim 17 wherein one of the building parts is a floor or ceiling slab and the other of the building parts is a balcony slab and the post-tensioning tendon is tensioned to apply a post-tensioning load between the floor or ceiling slab and the balcony slab.
21. The method of building in accordance with claim 20 wherein the post-tensioning tendon member comprises anchor formations at each end and the method comprises anchoring an anchor formation to each of the building parts.
22. The method of building in accordance with claim 21 wherein the anchor formations comprise a passive or dead-end and active or live-end anchor pair.