Coupled dielectric resonator and dielectric waveguide

1. An electromagnetic, EM, device, comprising:

a substrate;

at least one dielectric resonator antenna, DRA, the at least one DRA having a proximal end and a distal end disposed at a distance away from the proximal end, the proximal end of the at least one DRA being disposed on the substrate; and

at least one dielectric waveguide, DWG, configured so that during operation of the EM device the at least one DWG is disposed in EM signal communication with the at least one DRA;

wherein the at least one DWG has a proximal end disposed proximate the distal end of the DRA;

wherein the at least one DWG has a three-dimensional, 3D, shape that is different from a 3D shape of the at least one DRA;

wherein the at least one DRA is an all-dielectric material having a first average dielectric constant;

wherein the at least one DWG is an all-dielectric material having a second average dielectric constant; and

wherein the first average dielectric constant is greater than the second average dielectric constant.

2. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA is configured to provide an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DWG.

3. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DWG is configured to provide an electromagnetic signal to the at least one DRA.

4. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA extends substantially perpendicular to the substrate.

5. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one DRA and the at least one DWG are in direct contact with each other.

6. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one DRA and the at least one DWG form an integral monolithic structure.

7. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the substrate comprises at least one signal feed disposed and adapted to electromagnetically excite corresponding ones of the at least one DRA.

8. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein the proximal end of the DWG is also disposed on the substrate.

9. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA comprises a dielectric material other than air; and

the at least one DWG comprises a dielectric material other than air.

10. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA when electromagnetically excited radiates an EM signal to the at least one DWG;

the at least one DWG is adapted and disposed to internally propagate the EM signal.

11. The EM device of claim 10 , wherein:

the at least one DWG is adapted and disposed to internally propagate the EM signal with total internal reflection of the EM signal within the at least one DWG.

12. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the first average dielectric constant is equal to or greater than 4 and equal to or less than 18; and

the second average dielectric constant is greater than 1 and equal to or less than 9.

13. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA comprises a plurality of the at least one DRA;

the at least one DWG is a single DWG; and

each of the plurality of the at least one DRA is electromagnetically coupled to the single DWG.

14. The EM device of claim 13 , wherein:

each DRA of the plurality of the at least one DRA is configured to radiate a corresponding one of the EM signal; and

the single DWG is configured to collectively propagate the corresponding EM signals.

15. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DWG has a convex shaped distal end.

16. The EM device of claim 1 , wherein:

the at least one DRA comprises a plurality of the at least one DRA arranged in an array;

the array of the at least one DRA is a connected array of DRAs comprising at least one non-gaseous dielectric material, the array of DRAs having a proximal end and a distal end; and

an adhesive layer disposed under the connected array of DRAs at the proximal end, wherein the adhesive layer comprises a material different from the at least one non-gaseous dielectric material.

17. The EM device of claim 16 , wherein:

the least one DWG is attached to the connected array of DRAs, the at least one DWG being oriented upward parallel with a z-axis of the EM device;

wherein the connected array of DRAs comprises a dielectric material having a first average dielectric constant;

wherein the at least one DWG comprises a dielectric material having a second average dielectric constant that is less than the first average dielectric constant; and

further comprising at least one dielectric pin integrally formed with the at least one DWG, such that the at least one DWG and the at least one pin form a monolithic, wherein the at least one pin is oriented downward parallel with the z-axis of the EM device.

18. The EM device of claim 17 , further comprising:

a non-metallic all-dielectric structure disposed substantially around the array of DRAs.

19. The EM device of claim 18 , wherein:

the non-metallic all-dielectric structure comprises a curved surface having a focal point substantially coincidental with a geometrical center of the array of DRAs.

20. The EM device of claim 19 , wherein:

the non-metallic all-dielectric structure is integrally formed with and monolithic with either the array of DRAs or the at least one DWG.