Poly(cyclohexadiene) homopolymer based compositions and uses thereof
The disclosure relates to methods for producing poly(cyclohexadiene) homopolymers (PCHD). The PCHD is formed by polymerizing a 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer in the presence of a catalyst, in a hydrocarbon solvent, and at a temperature of −100° C. to 120° C. The catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a Bronsted acid, a Lewis acid, and combinations thereof. PCHD produced under these conditions has good solubility in non-polar solvents, and a number average molecular weight of 300 to 5,000 Dalton; a weight average molecular weight of 5,000 to 15,000 Delton; and a polydispersity index of 3.0 to 8.0. The PCHD is useful for producing crosslinked materials having good physical properties. The crosslinked materials can be combined with a rubbery polymer to produce compositions valuable for further downstream uses.
1. A polymer composition formed from a 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer feedstock in the presence of a catalyst,
wherein
the polymer composition is formed by cationic polymerization,
the catalyst for the cationic polymerization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer is a Lewis acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of AlCl 3 , SnCl 4 , B(C 6 F) 3 , BF 3 and complexes thereof with Lewis bases; methylalumoxane, metallocene halides and combinations thereof with methylalumoxane; and combinations thereof, and
the cationic polymerization is in a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of −100° C. to 120° C.;
wherein the polymer composition has:
a number average molecular weight of 300-5,000 Dalton,
a weight average molecular weight of 5000-15,000 Dalton,
a polydispersity index of 3.0 to 8.0, and
a solubility in a hydrocarbon solvent of 0.1 to 2 g of the polymer composition per gram of the hydrocarbon solvent; and
wherein the polymer composition contains at least 0.1 wt. % of phenyl groups as measured by proton NMR;
wherein the polymer composition has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 140-220° C.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer contains up to 10 wt. % of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, relative to the overall weight of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer.
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition comprises polymerized 1,4-addition units and polymerized 1,2-addition units of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer in a relative ratio of 90:10 to 20:80.
4. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is selected from the group of aromatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, and combinations thereof.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition has a solubility in the hydrocarbon solvent ranging from 10 wt. % to about 80 wt. %, relative to the weight of the hydrocarbon solvent.
6. A crosslinked polymer formed by reaction of the polymer composition of claim 1 with a crosslinking agent selected from the group of sulfur-based agents, peroxide-based agents, tellurium, selenium, polysulfide polymers, metallic oxides, di-isocyanates, and combinations thereof.
7. The crosslinked polymer of claim 6 , wherein the crosslinked polymer has one or more of
a Tg of 140° C. to 260° C.,
a 180° peel strength to copper of 0.35 to 1.0 N/m,
a dissipation factor of 0.0025 to 0.0045, measured according to IPC TM-650 2.5.5.13,
a dielectric constant Dk of 2.0 to 3.0, measured according to IPC TM-650 2.5.5.13, and
a fire retardancy, corresponding to the time taken for complete char formation, measured from sample ignition time, of less than or equal to 20 seconds.
8. The crosslinked polymer of claim 7 , wherein the crosslinking agent is S 2 Cl 2 , and wherein the crosslinked polymer has a crosslinking density corresponding to reaction of 1-10 molecules of S 2 Cl 2 per 100 polymerized 1,3-cyclohexadiene units.
9. A prepreg composition comprising the crosslinked polymer of claim 7 , a reinforcing material, and a rubber polymer.
10. The prepreg composition of claim 9 , wherein the rubber polymer rubber comprises an unsaturated diene elastomer selected from polybutadienes, natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes, butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
11. A copper clad laminate, electrical appliance housing, electrical cables, electrical connectors, electronic switches, or printed wiring boards comprising the crosslinked polymer of claim 7 .
12. A method for producing a polymer composition, the method consists essentially of:
providing a 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer feedstock;
providing a catalyst suitable for cationic polymerization, wherein the catalyst consists of is a Lewis acid catalyst selected from the group consisting of AlCl 3 , SnCl 4 , B(C 6 F 2 ) 3 , BF 3 and complexes thereof with Lewis bases; methylalumoxane, metallocene halides and combinations thereof with methylalumoxane; and combinations thereof;
polymerizing the 1,3-cyclohexadiene monomer feedstock in a cationic polymerization reaction in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst, in a hydrocarbon solvent, and at a temperature of −100° C. to 120° C., to form the polymer composition; and
isolating the polymer composition;
wherein the polymer composition contains at least 0.1 wt. % of phenyl groups as measured by proton NMR; and
wherein the polymer composition has:
a number average molecular weight of 300-5,000 Dalton,
a weight average molecular weight of 5000-15,000 Dalton, and
a polydispersity index of 3.0 to 8.0; and
a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 140-220° C.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer composition contains at least 0.5 wt. % of phenyl groups as measured by proton NMR.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polymer composition comprises polymerized 1,4-addition units and polymerized 1,2-addition units in molar ratio from 90:10 to 10:80.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cationically polymerizing is at a reaction temperature of 100° C. 0° C. to 120° C.
16. The method of claim 12 , further comprising crosslinking the polymer composition with a crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked copolymer, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group of sulfur-based agents, peroxide-based agents, tellurium, selenium, polysulfide polymers, metallic oxides, di-isocyanates, and combinations thereof.