Solid-state illumination system for compact microscopy
Provided is a solid-state illumination system for use in a microscopy system utilizing a light sensor of a mobile phone camera module. The system includes a bright-field illumination source with an array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The array of LEDs is configured to produce transmission light within a range of view of the light sensor of the mobile phone camera module. The system also includes a dark-field illumination source including a ring of LEDs. The ring of LEDs is configured to produce light outside of the range of collection of the camera module lens. The system also includes a diffuser configured to diffuse the transmission light and a diffusive black material coupled to the diffuser. The diffusive black material is configured to pass through at least some of the transmission light while blocking reflections of the scattering light.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a solid-state system illumination system including:
a plurality of first light-emitting diodes (LEDs) distributed across a circular region of a substrate,
a plurality of second LEDs distributed within an annular region encircling the circular region,
a light guide having one or more first surfaces facing towards the substrate and the second LEDs and one or more second surfaces facing at least partially radially inwards towards a center axis that passes through a center of the circular region of the substrate, the light guide made of an optically transmissive material,
a separator-diffuser positioned within a volume bounded, at least in part, by the substrate and the light guide, the separator diffuser having a first surface facing towards the substrate and a second surface facing away from the substrate, wherein a material providing the first surface has a higher absorption coefficient than a material providing the second surface, and
an optically opaque mount that supports the separator-diffuser within the volume, encircles the first LEDs, and prevents light from the first LEDs from reaching the light guide without first passing through the separator-diffuser and light from the second LEDs from reaching the first LEDs without also first passing through the separator-diffuser.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the separator-diffuser includes a thin layer of black diffusive material and one or more layers of translucent diffusive material interposed between the black diffusive material and the substrate.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the thin layer of black diffusive material is black diffusive acrylic material.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the thin layer of black diffusive material is black acrylic material that has been sanded or ground with 220-grit sandpaper.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the thin layer of black diffusive material is approximately 350 micrometers thick.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light guide is dome-shaped and has a nominally circular opening in the center, centered on the center axis, that provides the one or more second surfaces.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the nominally circular opening is smaller than the separator-diffuser and the separator-diffuser is interposed between the nominally circular opening and the substrate.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the opaque mount has a conical frustum shape.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first LEDs are electrically connected with a first circuit in the substrate,
the second LEDs are electrically connected with a second circuit in the substrate, and
the first circuit and the second circuit are configured to be powered independently of one another.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first LEDs all have an identical first spectral profile, the second LEDs all have an identical second spectral profile, or the first LEDs all have identical first spectral profiles and the second LEDs all have identical second spectral profiles.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first LEDs, the second LEDs, or the first and second LEDs are color-changeable LEDs.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first LEDs include multiple sets of first LEDs,
each set of first LEDs is configured to emit light having a corresponding spectral profile that is different from the spectral profiles emitted by the other set or sets of first LEDs, and
each set of first LEDs is distributed throughout the circular region.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the second LEDs include multiple sets of second LEDs,
each set of second LEDs is configured to emit light having a corresponding spectral profile that is different from the spectral profiles emitted by the other set or sets of second LEDs, and
each set of second LEDs is distributed throughout the annular region.
14. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising:
an imaging sensor, and
one or more lenses, wherein:
the one or more lenses and the imaging sensor are centered on the center axis,
the one or more lenses are interposed between the imaging sensor and the substrate,
the one or more lenses has an angle of coverage that defines a conical reference volume, and
the one or more second surfaces of the light guide lie entirely outside of the conical reference volume.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the one or more lenses is a non-telecentric lens system.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the one or more second surfaces of the light guide have a profile or profiles in cross-sections taken in planes parallel to and coincident with the center axis such that a normal or normal to the profile or profiles makes a first acute angle with respect to the center axis,
the conical reference volume is defined by a second acute angle with respect to the center axis, and
the first acute angle is at least 5° larger than the second acute angle.
17. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein:
the one or more lenses includes a first compound lens and a second compound lens,
the first compound lens and the second compound lens each have a corresponding first end and a corresponding second end,
the first compound lens and the second compound lens have substantially similar optical characteristics such that when light passes through the first compound lens from the first end to the second end thereof, the resulting image that is produced is substantially similar to an image that is produced when that same light passes through the second compound lens from the first end to the second end thereof, and
the first and second compound lenses are oriented such that their first ends point towards each other.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 , further comprising a sample chamber receptacle that is configured to receive a sample chamber such that the sample chamber, when received by the sample chamber receptacle, is interposed between the light guide and the one or more lenses.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 , further comprising an excitation light source configured to direct light of a particular spectral profile towards a location in which the sample chamber, when received by the sample chamber receptacle, is located.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , the excitation light source is a laser configured to direct a beam of light in a direction perpendicular to the center axis.