System and method for welding thermoplastic components to create composite structure
A system and method for welding thermoplastic components by positioning and moving a heated plate between the components to melt their respective faying surfaces, and as the plate moves, pressing the components together so that the melted faying surfaces bond together as they cool and re-solidify, thereby creating a composite structure. The plate has a heated portion which is positioned between and heated to melt a portion of the first and second faying surfaces. A manipulator mechanism moves the plate along an interface from between the portion to between a series of subsequent portions of the first and second faying surfaces, thereby welding the thermoplastic components along the entire interface to create the composite structure. The heated portion may contact the faying surfaces and melt them through conduction, or may be suspended between them and melt them through radiation and convection.
1. A system for welding a first thermoplastic composite component to a second thermoplastic composite component along an interface to create a composite structure, the system comprising:
a plate comprising a heated portion positioned between a portion of a first faying surface of the first thermoplastic component and a second faying surface of the second thermoplastic component, the heated portion being heated to a temperature which is sufficient to melt the portion of the first and second faying surfaces;
a manipulator mechanically coupled with the plate and moving the plate along the interface from between the portion of the first and second faying surfaces, which then cool and bond together, to between a series of subsequent portions of the first and second faying surfaces; and
a support surface positioned against the second thermoplastic composite component, the support surface being flexible so as to accommodate a flexing of the second thermoplastic composite component due to the plate positioned and moving between the portion of the first and second faying surfaces.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first thermoplastic composite component is a stiffener and the second thermoplastic composite component is a skin.
3. The system of claim 1 , the heated portion the plate comprising a thickness of between 0.01 inches and 0.03 inches.
4. The system of claim 1 , the heated portion of the plate being heated using joule heating.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a first temperature sensor determining the operating temperature of the plate, and a second temperature sensor determining an adjacent temperature of the first and second thermoplastic composite components.
6. The system of claim 1 , at least the heated portion of the plate being in physical contact with the first and second faying surfaces, and melting the first and second faying surfaces through conduction.
7. The system of claim 6 , a front portion of the plate comprising a rake angle to control any excess melted thermoplastic material from the first and second faying surfaces, and the rake angle being between 10 degrees and 50 degrees.
8. The system of claim 1 , at least the heated portion of the plate being suspended between and not in physical contact with the first and second faying surfaces, and melting the first and second faying surfaces through radiation and convection.
9. The system of claim 8 , further comprising a spacer creating a gap between the first and second faying surfaces, and at least the heated portion of the plate being located in the gap.
10. The system of claim 8 , further comprising an air nozzle introducing a stream of air between at least the heated portion of the plate and the first and second faying surfaces so as to enhance convection.
11. The system of claim 8 , further comprising one or more holes in the plate to enhance convection.
12. The system of claim 1 , the manipulator further comprising a guide roller guiding movement of the plate along the interface between the first and second faying surfaces.
13. The system of claim 1 , the manipulator further comprising a pressure roller pressing the first and second faying surfaces together behind the plate as the plate is moved along the interface.
14. The system of claim 1 , the manipulator further comprising a cooling nozzle delivering a cooling fluid to accelerate cooling of the first and second faying surfaces behind the plate as the plate is moved along the interface.
15. The system of claim 1 , the manipulator further comprising an inert gas nozzle delivering an inert gas to displace oxygen around the heated portion of the plate.
16. A method for welding a first thermoplastic composite component to a second thermoplastic composite component along an interface to create a composite structure, the method comprising:
aligning the first and second thermoplastic composite components along the interface, such that a first faying surface of the first thermoplastic composite component is in contact with a second faying surface of the second thermoplastic composite component;
positioning a plate between a portion of the first faying surface and the second faying surface;
heating at least a portion of the plate to a temperature which is sufficient to melt the portion of the first and second faying surfaces; and
moving the plate with a manipulator mechanically coupled with the plate in a direction along the interface from between the portion of the first and second faying surfaces, which then cool and bond together, to between a series of subsequent portions of the first and second faying surfaces, such that the first faying surface remains in contact with the second faying surface in front of and behind the plate relative to the direction the plate is moving.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the first thermoplastic composite component is a stiffener and the second thermoplastic composite component is a skin, and the skin flexes away from the stiffener at the portion of the first and second faying surfaces to accommodate the plate.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the manipulator is positioned proximate to the skin, and the skin flexes away from the stiffener.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the manipulator is positioned proximate to the stiffener, and the skin flexes away from the stiffener.
20. A method for welding a thermoplastic composite stiffener to a thermoplastic composite skin along an interface to create a composite structure, the method comprising:
aligning the thermoplastic composite stiffener and the thermoplastic composite skin along the interface, such that a first faying surface of the thermoplastic composite stiffener is in contact with a second faying surface of the thermoplastic composite skin;
positioning a plate between a portion of the first faying surface and the second faying surface;
heating at least a portion of the plate to a temperature which is sufficient to melt the portion of the first and second faying surfaces;
moving the plate with a manipulator mechanically coupled with the plate in a direction along the interface from between the portion of the first and second faying surfaces, which then cool and bond together, to between a series of subsequent portions of the first and second faying surfaces, such that the first faying surface remains in contact with the second faying surface in front of and behind the plate relative to the direction the plate is moving; and
supporting the thermoplastic composite skin with a support surface, the support surface being flexible so as to accommodate a flexing of the thermoplastic composite skin due to the plate positioned and moving between the portion of the first and second faying surfaces.