Three-dimensional printing with metal oxide nanoparticle fusing agents
This disclosure describes multi-fluid kits for three-dimensional printing, three-dimensional printing kits, and systems for three-dimensional printing. In one example, a multi-fluid kit for three-dimensional printing can include a fusing agent and a detailing agent. The fusing agent can include water and metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed therein. The metal oxide nanoparticles can be selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, indium tin oxide, or a combination thereof. The metal oxide nanoparticles can have an average particle size from about 2 nm to about 500 nm. The detailing agent can include a detailing compound.
1. A three-dimensional printing kit, comprising:
a fusing agent consisting of:
water;
metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed in the water, the metal oxide nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles, and a combination thereof and the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of metal oxide nanoparticles having an average particle size ranging from greater than 10 nm to about 500 nm; and
optionally, at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a co-solvent, a surfactant, a biocide, and a sequestering agent; and
a powder bed material comprising polymer particles.
2. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , wherein the polymer particles are polyamide 12 particles.
3. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , wherein the powder bed material is devoid of a filler that absorbs electromagnetic energy within an absorption wavelength range of from about 300 nm to about 400 nm.
4. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , further comprising a detailing agent comprising a detailing compound.
5. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , further comprising multiple colored agents each separate from the fusing agent, wherein the multiple colored agents independently comprise water and colorant.
6. A system for three-dimensional printing, comprising:
a fusing agent consisting of water, metal oxide nanoparticles dispersed in the water, and optionally at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a dispersant, a co-solvent, a surfactant, a biocide, and a sequestering agent, the metal oxide nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles, and a combination thereof and the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of metal oxide nanoparticles having an average particle size ranging from greater than 10 nm to about 500 nm;
a powder bed material comprising polymer particles; and
a radiant electromagnetic energy source that emits about 80% to 100% electromagnetic energy within an absorption wavelength range of from about 300 nm to about 400 nm, the radiant electromagnetic energy source positioned to expose a layer of the powder bed material to the electromagnetic energy to selectively fuse the polymer particles in contact with the metal oxide nanoparticles.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the radiant electromagnetic energy source comprises a narrow band light emitting diode having a peak emission at about 365 nm, about 385 nm, or about 395 nm.
8. The system of claim 6 , further comprising a detailing agent ejectable onto a layer of the powder bed material, a colored agent ejectable onto the layer of the powder bed material, or a combination thereof, wherein the detailing agent comprises a detailing compound and the colored agent comprises water and a colorant.
9. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles consist of metal oxide nanoparticles having an average particle size ranging from about 50 nm to about 60 nm.
10. The three-dimensional printing kit of claim 1 , wherein the fusing agent is free of a black pigment.