Systems and methods for closed-loop recycling of a liquid component of a leaching mixture when recycling lead from spent lead-acid batteries
The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for recycling lead-acid batteries, and more specifically, relates to purifying and recycling the lead content from lead-acid batteries. A system includes a reactor that receives and mixes a lead-bearing material waste, a carboxylate source, and a recycled liquid component to form a leaching mixture yielding a lead carboxylate precipitate. The system also includes a phase separation device coupled to the reactor, wherein the phase separation device isolates the lead carboxylate precipitate from a liquid component of the leaching mixture. The system further includes a closed-loop liquid recycling system coupled to the phase separation device and to the reactor, wherein the closed-loop liquid recycling system receives the liquid component isolated by the phase separation device and recycles a substantial portion of the received liquid component back to the reactor as the recycled liquid component.
1. A method of recycling a lead-acid battery, comprising:
forming a lead containing mixture from a spent lead-acid battery, wherein the lead containing mixture includes a liquid component;
isolating lead from the lead containing mixture, such that the lead is removed from the liquid component;
recycling the liquid component for use in additional lead containing mixtures, with the liquid component having a high concentration of dissolved lead salt;
treating the isolated lead to form an active material; and
constructing a new lead-acid battery using the active material.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing at least one dissolved metal other than the lead from the liquid component.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one dissolved metal comprises sodium, barium, calcium, antimony, arsenic, tin, or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising mixing calcium hydroxide with the liquid component and subsequently removing calcium sulfate precipitate before recycling the liquid component.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising using an ion exchange resin to remove one or more sulfates from the liquid component.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein isolating lead from the liquid component includes using a belt dryer, a filter press, a clarifier, or a cyclone separator.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lead includes a lead carboxylate precipitate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein treating comprises oxidizing the lead carboxylate precipitate into a first leady oxide using a belt dryer, a spray calciner, a stirred pot reactor, a rotary kiln calciner, or a combination thereof, and wherein the first leady oxide is formed into the active material.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein treating comprises reacting the lead carboxylate precipitate with a hydroxide to yield a second leady oxide, and wherein the second leady oxide is formed into the active material.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the lead containing mixture further includes a carboxylate source, wherein the carboxylate source comprises acetic acid, a salt of acetic acid, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using a nanofilter to remove one or more sulfates from the liquid component.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the lead containing mixture includes crushing, pulverizing, gliding or otherwise physically digesting an entirety of the spent lead-acid battery.
13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding water or peroxide to the lead containing mixture to encourage a dissolution of the lead.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved lead salt comprises a second lead.