Thermal interface materials

1. A thermal interface material comprising:

a sheet extending between a first major surface and a second major surface, the sheet comprising:

a base material; and

a filler material embedded in the base material comprising anisotropically oriented thermally conductive elements;

wherein the thermally conductive elements are oriented along a primary direction from the first major surface towards the second major surface to promote thermal conduction though the sheet along the primary direction;

wherein the base material is substantially free of silicone;

wherein the thermal conductivity of the sheet along the primary direction is at least 20 W/mK; and wherein the thermal interface material comprises carbon elements continuously extending through the sheet from the first major surface to the second major surface along the primary direction and configured to promote heat flow from the first surface to the second surface.

2. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the sheet comprises a slice separated from a stack of a plurality of layers of base material compressed together,

each of said layers is embedded with filler material, and wherein the filler material in each layer comprises anisotropically oriented thermally conductive elements;

wherein the orientation of the slice during separation from the stack is such that the B thermally conductive elements are oriented along a primary direction from the first major surface towards the second major surface to promote thermal conduction though the sheet along the primary direction.

3. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the base material comprises a self-supporting flexible layer.

4. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the base material comprises a thermoplastic material.

5. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the thermal conductivity of the sheet along the primary direction is at least 30 W/mK.

6. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the sheet is characterized by a Shore hardness in the range of 40 to 90.

7. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises ceramic flakes.

8. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises flakes of boron nitrite.

9. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises graphite flakes.

10. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises graphene flakes.

11. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises at least one selected from the list consisting of: carbon nanotubes, bundles of carbon nanotubes, and agglomerates of aligned carbon nanotubes.

12. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the sheet comprises a region proximal the first major surface or second major surface of the sheet, said region containing a subset of the thermally conductive elements of the filler are that less anisotropically oriented than the thermally conductive elements located more distal to said surface.

13. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein the sheet comprises a first region proximal the first major surface of the sheet and a second region proximal to the second major surface of the sheet, wherein each of the first and second regions contain a respective subset of the thermally conductive elements of the filler that are less anisotropically oriented than the thermally conductive elements located more distal to said surfaces.

14. The thermal interface material of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first major surface and the second major surface of the sheet comprise a solvent-treated surface region.