2'-fucosyllactose for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus-induced inflammation

1. A method of attenuating, or treating a corona virus pathogen-induced immune response and/or promoting recovery from a corona virus pathogen-induced immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective amount of at least one isolated human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) comprising 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), wherein said at least one isolated HMO comprises at least 60%, 75%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99% (w/w) of 2′-FL, further wherein said corona virus is selected from the group consisting of i) a COVID-19 virus; ii) a severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus (SARS-CoV); and iii) a Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV).

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pharmaceutically effective amount is equivalent to a dosage of i) about 0.1 g to 10 g per day; ii) about 1 g to 10 g per day; and/or iii) about 5 g to 10 g per day.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said 2′-FL i) reduces pathogen binding to cells of said subject; ii) attenuates said pathogen-induced immune response in said subject; and/or iii) modulates host immune response antagonizing said pathogen-induced immune response in said subject.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said at least one isolated HMO is administered to the lung and/or the GI tract of the subject.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of an additional agent capable of attenuating, or treating said pathogen-induced immune response and/or promoting recovery from a pathogen-induced immune response to said subject, wherein said additional agent comprises i) another HMO selected from the group consisting of 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL), 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL), Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNF I), Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNF II), Lacto-N-fucopentaose HI (LNF ID), Lactodifucotetraose (LDFT), Lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LDFH I), Lacto-N-difucohexaose I] (LDFH ID) and Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT); ii) a non-HMO prebiotic agent comprises galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) or fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS); iii) a non-HMO probiotic agent comprises at least one probiotic bacterium of the genera Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Prevotella or Clostridium , or iv) the additional agent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of antibiotics or anti-viral compounds, anti-inflammatory compounds, natural or synthetic corticosteroids, cortisone, hydrocortisone, bethamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, oxaprozin, etodolac, nabumetone, diclofenac, vimovo, anti-pyretics, paracetamol, aspirin, and acetaminophen.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said composition is in the form of a powder, a tablet, an aerosol, feed for mammalian animals, a packet of sugar, yogurt, a beverage, a weaning food, or an infant formula.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is a human, a non-human primate, mouse, rat, dog, cat, horse, cattle, sheep, pig, chicken, or goat.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is an infant, a child, an adult, and/or an elder.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject has or is prone to have a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), respiratory failure, impaired lung function, hypoxemia, systemic organ failure, infectious diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, traveler's diarrhea, necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and an allergy inflammation.