Solid electrolytic capacitor containing a moisture barrier

1. A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element, wherein the capacitor element comprises:

a sintered porous anode body;

a dielectric that overlies the anode body;

a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric,

wherein the solid electrolyte includes a conductive polymer layer and contains an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is different from the inner layer,

wherein the inner layer contains an intrinsically conductive polymer having repeating units of the following formula (II):

wherein,

R is (CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b -L, where L is a bond or HC([CH 2 ] c H);

a is from 0 to 10;

b is from 1 to 18;

cis from 0 to 10;

Z is an anion;

X is a cation; and

a moisture barrier that overlies the conductive polymer layer,

wherein the moisture barrier contains a conjugated polymer having a specific conductivity of about 0.1 S/cm or more, and further wherein after exposure to an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 60% and a temperature of 30° C. for 168 hours, the capacitor element absorbs only about 900 ppm of water or less,

wherein the conjugated polymer contains repeating thiophene units of the following general formula (1) and/or (2):

wherein X 1 and X 2 are independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylene oxide, optionally substituted thiocyano, optionally substituted thioalkyl, or optionally substituted amino, or wherein X 1 and X 2 are combined to form an optionally substituted alkylenedioxy or an optionally substituted alkylenedithio group and R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylene oxide, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or an optionally substituted aryl group, and

wherein X 1 and X 2 in formula (1) and/or formula (2) are combined to form the following structure:

wherein, Y 1 and Y 2 are independently O or S and

X 5 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally having a substituent and/or an oxygen analog, nitrogen analog, or sulfur analog structure within the alkylene group.

2. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein Y 1 and Y 2 are O.

3. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein X 5 is ethylene.

4. A The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is an alkyl group.

5. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is benzene, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 2,6-dichlorobenzene, or a combination thereof.

6. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the moisture barrier overlies the solid electrolyte.

7. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the moisture barrier is positioned between the inner layer and the outer layer.

8. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the moisture barrier overlies the inner layer and the outer layer.

9. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer is formed from particles that contain a polymeric counterion and an extrinsically conductive polymer.

10. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 9 , wherein the extrinsically conductive polymer includes poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

11. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric counterion includes polystyrene sulfonic acid.

12. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , further comprising an anode lead extending from the capacitor element.

13. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , further comprising an anode termination that is in electrical contact with the anode lead and a cathode termination that is in electrical connection with the solid electrolyte.

14. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , further comprising a housing within which the capacitor element is enclosed.

15. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the anode body includes tantalum.

16. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor element further comprises a cathode coating that contains a metal particle layer that overlies the solid electrolyte and the moisture barrier, wherein the metal particle layer includes a plurality of conductive metal particles.

17. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor element further comprises a pre-coat positioned between the dielectric and the conductive polymer layer, the pre-coating comprising an organometallic compound.

18. A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element, wherein the capacitor element comprises:

a sintered porous anode body;

a dielectric that overlies the anode body;

a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric, wherein the solid electrolyte includes a conductive polymer layer and contains an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is different from the inner layer,

wherein the inner layer contains an intrinsically conductive polymer having repeating units of the following formula (II):

wherein,

R is (CH 2 ) a —O—(CH 2 ) b -L, where L is a bond or HC([CH 2 ] c H);

a is from 0 to 10;

b is from 1 to 18;

cis from 0 to 10;

Z is an anion;

X is a cation; and

a moisture barrier that overlies the conductive polymer layer, wherein the moisture barrier contains a conjugated polymer having a specific conductivity of about 0.1 S/cm or more and that contains repeating thiophene units of the following general formula (1) and/or (2):

wherein the conjugated polymer contains repeating thiophene units of the following general formula (1) and/or (2):

wherein,

X 1 and X 2 are independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylene oxide, optionally substituted thiocyano, optionally substituted thioalkyl, or optionally substituted amino, or wherein X 1 and X 2 are combined to form an optionally substituted alkylenedioxy or an optionally substituted alkylenedithio group; and

R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylene oxide, optionally substituted heterocyclic group, or an optionally substituted aryl group,

wherein X 1 and X 2 in formula (1) and/or formula (2) are combined to form the following structure:

wherein,

Y 1 and Y 2 are independently O or S; and

X 5 is an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally having a substituent and/or an oxygen analog, nitrogen analog, or sulfur analog structure within the alkylene group.

19. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 18 , wherein Y 1 and Y 2 are O.

20. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 18 , wherein X 5 is ethylene.

21. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 18 , wherein R 1 is an alkyl group.

22. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 18 , wherein R 1 is benzene, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 2,6-dichlorobenzene, or a combination thereof.