High temperature hydrator
An apparatus includes a fluidized bed vessel with inlet ports arranged to receive at least one feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed vessel. The calcium oxide contacts the water to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce calcium hydroxide and heat. The fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime. The apparatus further includes a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate, and a cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a fluidized bed vessel that comprises a housing and an inner volume;
a distribution plate mounted in the inner volume to separate the inner volume into a top volume portion and a bottom volume portion below the top volume portion;
one or more first inlet ports arranged in the housing to supply to the top volume portion at least one feed stream comprising at least one of calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, or water;
one or more second inlet ports arranged in the housing supply a fluidization gas into the bottom volume portion;
a fluidization zone defined in the top volume portion of the inner volume above the distribution plate and configured to:
receive the fluidization gas from the one or more second inlet ports through the distribution plate;
receive the at least one feed stream from the one or more first inlet ports into the top volume portion, and
generate a fluidization velocity in the inner volume that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a fluidization regime in the top volume portion;
a cyclone fluidly coupled to a feed port of the housing, the cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from a portion of at least one of a calcium hydroxide, the calcium carbonate, or the calcium oxide; and
at least one discharge port arranged in the housing above the distribution plate and below the feed port, the at least one discharge port configured to discharge a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide from the inner volume.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the calcium oxide contacts the water within the fluidization zone to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce the calcium hydroxide and heat; and
the fluidized bed vessel is thermally coupled to a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer a portion of the heat of a hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one feed stream comprises a first feed stream comprising calcium hydroxide and a second feed stream comprising calcium carbonate; and
the fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime, the first fluidization regime different than the second fluidization regime.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first fluidization regime comprises a bubbling bed regime.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the second fluidization regime comprises at least one of a circulating turbulent regime or a transport regime.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the bubbling bed regime comprises calcium carbonate and at least one of a transport or turbulent regime comprising calcium hydroxide.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a solids classifier fluidly coupled to the fluidized bed vessel and the at least one discharge port, the solids classifier configured to separate a portion of at least one of the calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide from another portion of at least one of the calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the solid classifier is configured to separate at least a portion of the calcium carbonate from a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide or the calcium oxide based on at least one of particle size or particle density.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the solid classifier is configured to allow the at least one of calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide to return to the fluidized bed vessel.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the solid classifier comprises a cone and cap sloped stripper or a sieve.
11. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one feed stream comprises a first feed stream comprising calcium oxide and a second feed stream comprising calcium carbonate; and
the heat transfer assembly is configured to transfer a portion of a heat contained in the calcium oxide to the calcium carbonate.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fluidization gas comprises steam.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cyclone further comprises a port fluidly coupled to a non-mechanical seal, the non-mechanical seal fluidly coupled to the fluidized bed vessel and configured to recirculate at least a portion of one of calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide in a transport or turbulent fluid regime back into the fluidized bed vessel.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the non-mechanical seal comprises a loop seal.
15. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one feed stream comprises liquid water, the heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat from the fluidized bed vessel to the liquid water to generate a steam stream.
16. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein in the heat transfer assembly comprises a heat tubing system thermally coupled to the fluidization bed vessel, the heat tubing system configured to transfer a portion of a heat from the fluidization bed vessel to a fluid stream within the heat tubing system.
17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is thermally and fluidly coupled to a dense fluidized bed heat exchanger.
18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cyclone further comprises a fluidly coupled port that is configured to enable the fluidization gas to recirculate back to the one or more second inlet ports.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is fluidly coupled to a caustic recovery process.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the caustic recovery process comprises a direct air capture process, a carbon dioxide capture process, or a pulp and paper process.
21. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the at least one feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, or water further comprises sensible heat, and the heat transfer assembly is configured to transfer at least a portion of the sensible heat to the calcium carbonate to enable at least one of heating or drying of the calcium carbonate.
22. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the calcium oxide, the calcium carbonate, the water, and the fluidization gas are transferred into the fluidized bed in a separate inlet port.
23. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more first inlet ports are arranged in the housing above the distribution plate; and
the one or more second inlet ports are arranged in the housing below the distribution plate.