Cartilage-derived implants and methods of making and using same
Cartilage fibers and implants made therefrom are disclosed, with and without cartilage particles. Methods for making the cartilage fibers and the implants containing them are also disclosed. The implants may be pre-shaped, may be reshapable and, when implanted in a cartilage defect, the implants have good shape retention, little swelling, completely fill the cartilage defect and resist migration from the defect upon irrigation.
1. A cartilage-derived implant for treating a cartilage defect, said implant comprising a plurality of cartilage fibers which are elongated pieces of cartilage tissue, each having three or more laterally oriented striations, wherein the striations of the cartilage fibers enable the cartilage fibers to entangle with one another to a greater degree than cartilage fibers without such striations and to form the implant which is capable of retaining its shape until reshaped and of conforming to and filling the cartilage defect when implanted in the cartilage defect.
2. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cartilage fibers, each having three or more laterally oriented striations, was produced by a technique comprising grating or scraping cartilage tissue recovered from one or more donors.
3. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein when said implant is implanted in the cartilage defect of cartilage having a native surface, the cartilage fibers do not migrate out of the cartilage defect and the implant remains substantially flush with the native surface after implanting and hydration.
4. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is capable of completely filling the cartilage defect when subjected to further shaping during implantation in the cartilage defect.
5. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the implant is reshapable from a first shape to a second shape by any one or more of the following techniques: manual manipulation, press fitting, using a hand-held device, injecting, and using a mold.
6. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , further comprising a carrier, a biologically compatible material, or both.
7. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 5 , wherein the implant is a paste, putty, or gel.
8. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 5 , wherein said implant is an injectable mixture capable of delivery to an implant site proximate the cartilage defect using a syringe device.
9. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of cartilage fibers which do not have laterally oriented striations.
10. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cartilage fibers were produced from cartilage tissue which contained a population of endogenous cells located in their natural distribution within the cartilage tissue and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of cartilage fibers contains at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cartilage fibers.
11. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 10 , wherein the at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cartilage fibers comprises at least 50% viable endogenous cells.
12. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 11 , wherein the at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cartilage fibers comprises at least 90% viable endogenous cells.
13. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the cartilage fibers are lyophilized cartilage fibers.
14. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of cartilage fibers are cryopreserved cartilage fibers.
15. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 14 , wherein the cryopreserved cartilage fibers were produced from cartilage tissue which contained a population of endogenous cells located in their natural distribution within the cartilage tissue and wherein at least a portion of the cryopreserved cartilage fibers contains at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cryopreserved cartilage fibers.
16. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 15 , wherein the at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cryopreserved cartilage fibers comprises at least 50% viable endogenous cells.
17. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 15 , wherein the at least a portion of the population of endogenous cells which remain located in their natural distribution within the cryopreserved cartilage fibers comprises at least 65% viable endogenous cells.
18. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cartilage fibers were produced by mechanical techniques applied to cartilage recovered from one or more donors, wherein said cartilage fibers are elongated pieces of cartilage tissue, each having a thread-like shape or a ribbon-like shape and an aspect ratio of from at least 3:1 to 50:1.
19. The cartilage-derived implant of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cartilage fibers has an average length of at least about 5 millimeters, and an average thickness of from about 0.5 millimeters to about 5 millimeters.