Photonic integrated receiver
A wavelength tunable laser device includes a gain element positioned in an optical cavity that provides optical gain to an optical signal. A frequency shifter that generates a frequency shift as a function of time is positioned in the optical cavity. The optical cavity is configured so that a magnitude of the frequency shift as a function of time generated by the frequency shifter is substantially equal to a frequency separation of a cavity mode of the cavity such that an output of the cavity generates laser light having a wavelength that tunes as a function of time.
1. A photonic integrated receiver circuit comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) a first optical coupler positioned on the substrate and configured to couple an optical reference signal from an optical reference path;
c) a second optical coupler positioned on the substrate and configured to couple an optical probe signal returned from a sample;
d) a polarization beam splitter positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the second optical coupler, the polarization beam splitter configured to provide a first polarization at a first output and a second polarization at a second output;
e) a beam splitter positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the first optical coupler, the beam splitter configured to provide a portion of the optical reference signal at a first output and another portion of the optical reference signal at a second output;
f) a first optical hybrid element positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the first output of the polarization beam splitter and a second input optically coupled to the first output of the beam splitter, the first optical hybrid element having a first output coupled to a first photodiode and a second output coupled to a second photodiode; and
g) a second optical hybrid element positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the second output of the polarization beam splitter and a second input optically coupled to the second output of the beam splitter, the second optical hybrid having a first output coupled to a third photodiode and a second output coupled to a fourth photodiode,
wherein a first optical path from the first optical coupler to the first photodiode and a second optical path from the second optical coupler to the first photodiode are configured such that a known delay is provided between an optical path followed by the optical reference signal from a source to the first photodiode and an optical path followed by the optical probe signal from the source to the first photodiode; and
wherein at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth photodiodes generates an electrical signal that includes information about optical properties of the sample in response to both the optical reference signal and the optical probe signal.
2. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 further comprising a polarization controller positioned on the substrate, the polarization controller having an input optically coupled to the first optical coupler and having an output optically coupled to the beam splitter.
3. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 2 wherein the polarization controller comprises a cascade of Mach-Zehnder interferometers.
4. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 2 wherein the polarization controller comprises an endless polarization controller.
5. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first and second optical coupler comprises a facet coupler.
6. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first and second optical coupler comprises a grating coupler.
7. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the first optical coupler comprises a one-dimensional grating coupler.
8. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the second optical coupler comprises a two-dimensional grating coupler.
9. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the polarization beam splitter comprises a directional coupler.
10. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first optical hybrid and the second optical hybrid comprises a 90-degree hybrid.
11. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first optical hybrid and the second optical hybrid comprises a multi-mode interference (MMI) coupler.
12. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the first, second, third, and fourth photodiodes are configured as a dual-balanced, dual-polarization receiver.
13. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the first, second, third, and fourth photodiodes are configured as a dual-balanced, dual-polarization I/Q receiver.
14. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the substrate comprises a silicon photonic substrate.
15. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the optical reference signal comprises light from a swept-source optical signal.
16. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the information about optical properties of the sample comprises at least one of optical coherence tomography information, image information, polarization-sensitive image information, birefringence property information, or ranging information.
17. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 further comprising a k-clock.
18. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 17 wherein the k-clock is positioned on the substrate.
19. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the known delay comprises a nominally zero delay.
20. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the known delay comprises a fixed delay.
21. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein the known delay comprises an adjustable delay.
22. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 1 wherein at least some of the optical path followed by the optical reference signal from the source to the first photodiode comprises an optical fiber path.
23. A photonic integrated receiver circuit comprising:
a) a substrate;
b) a first optical coupler positioned on the substrate and configured to couple an optical reference signal;
c) a polarization controller positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the first optical coupler;
d) a second optical coupler positioned on the substrate and configured to couple an optical probe signal returned from a sample;
e) a polarization beam splitter positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the second optical coupler, the polarization beam splitter configured to provide a first polarization at a first output and a second polarization at a second output;
f) a beam splitter positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to an output of the polarization controller, the beam splitter configured to provide a portion of the optical reference signal at a first output and another portion of the optical reference signal at a second output;
g) a first optical hybrid element positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the first output of the polarization beam splitter and a second input optically coupled to the first output of the beam splitter, the first optical hybrid element having a first output coupled to a first photodiode and a second output coupled to a second photodiode; and
h) a second optical hybrid element positioned on the substrate and having an input optically coupled to the second output of the polarization beam splitter and a second input optically coupled to the output of the beam splitter, the second optical hybrid having a first output coupled to a third photodiode and a second output coupled to a fourth photodiode,
i) wherein the polarization controller is configured to control a polarization of the optical reference signal such that at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth photodiodes generates an electrical signal that includes information about optical properties of the sample in response to both the optical reference signal and the optical probe signal.
24. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 23 wherein the electrical signal that includes information about optical properties of the sample in response to both the optical reference signal and the optical probe signal comprises polarization independent imaging information.
25. The photonic integrated receiver circuit of claim 23 wherein the electrical signal that includes information about optical properties of the sample in response to both the optical reference signal and the optical probe signal comprises polarization sensitive imaging information.