Systems and methods for determining trajectories of basketball shots for display
Methods and apparatus relating to predicting outcome in a sporting environment are described. The methods and apparatus are used to relate trajectory performance of an object to body motions and body orientation associated with a generating the trajectory of the object. When equipment is utilized to generate the trajectory of an object, than the effects of equipment motions and equipment orientation can be also related to trajectory performance. The method and apparatus can be used to predict body motions and body orientations that increase the likelihood of achieving a desired outcome including specifying optimum motions and orientations for a particular individual. The method and apparatus may be used in training, coaching and broadcasting environments.
1. A method for basketball, comprising:
capturing images of at least a portion of a basketball shot towards a basketball hoop;
identifying by at least one processor the basketball and a hand of a player in the images;
determining locations of the hand in the images during motion of the hand for the basketball shot;
determining by the at least one processor, based on the images and the determined locations of the hand in the images during the motion, at least one location of the basketball in three-dimensional (3D) space relative to the hand of the player in the images;
determining by the at least one processor a trajectory of the basketball in 3D space based on the images;
determining by the at least one processor, based on the determining the locations of the hand in the images during the motion, an extent to which the hand affects the trajectory of the basketball;
providing an output by the at least one processor based on the determined at least one location of the basketball relative to the hand and indicating the extent to which the hand is determined to affect the trajectory of the basketball;
displaying at least a portion of the basketball shot with a display device; and
presenting on a display of the portion of the basketball shot by the display device visual information or graphics based on the determined trajectory, the visual information or graphics based on the extent to which the hand is determined to affect the trajectory of the basketball.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the displaying comprises rendering an animation of the basketball shot based on the determined trajectory.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the animation depicts a motion of the basketball along the determined trajectory and a motion of the hand.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining by the at least one processor when the hand exerts a force on the basketball based on the images.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising calculating by the at least one processor a force vector for the force based on the motion of the hand in the images, wherein the determining the extent to which the hand affects the trajectory of the basketball is based on the force vector.
6. A system, comprising:
at least one camera configured to capture images of at least a portion of a basketball shot towards a basketball hoop;
at least one processor configured to identify the basketball and a hand of a player in the images and determine locations of the hand in the images during motion of the hand for the basketball shot, the at least one processor configured to determine, based on the images and the determined locations of the hand in the images during the motion, at least one location of the basketball in three-dimensional (3D) space relative to the hand of the player in the images and to determine a trajectory of the basketball in 3D space based on the images, the at least one processor configured to determine, based on the motion, an extent to which the hand affects the trajectory of the basketball, the at least one processor further configured to provide an output based on the determined at least one location of the basketball relative to the hand and indicating the extent to which the hand is determined to affect the trajectory of the basketball; and
a display device for displaying at least a portion of the basketball shot,
wherein the at least one processor is configured to control a display of the portion of the basketball shot by the display device such that visual information or graphics is presented on the display based on the determined trajectory, the visual information or graphics based on the extent to which the hand is determined to affect the trajectory of the basketball.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to control the display by causing the display device to render an animation of the portion of basketball shot based on the determined trajectory.
8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the animation depicts a motion of the basketball along the determined trajectory and a motion of the hand.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine when the hand exerts a force on the basketball.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to calculate a force vector for the force based on the motion of the hand in the images, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the extent to which the hand affects the trajectory of the basketball based on the force vector.