SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLED DEVELOPMENT AND DELIVERY OF GAS AND LIQUID MIXTURES
Disclosed is a system for mixing gases and liquids that includes a reactor vessel and an injection assembly. The reactor vessel including a liquid inlet which receives a predetermined amount of liquid and at least one gas inlet which receives a precise amount of a gas. The reactor vessel also includes means for creating cavitation or turbulence for mixing the gas and liquid to a desired gas concentration.
1 . A system for mixing gases and liquids comprising:
i) a reactor vessel including a liquid inlet which receives a predetermined amount of liquid and at least one gas inlet which receives a precise amount of a gas, the reactor vessel including a cavitation device for mixing the gas and liquid to a desired gas concentration; and
ii) an injection assembly.
2 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the desired gas concentration is subsaturated, saturated or supersaturated.
3 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the desired gas concentration is selected based on a particular application.
4 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel is pressurized to at least one atmosphere.
5 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a serpentine reactor and includes more than one location for gas input and following each location of gas input cavitation is created in the mixture.
6 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a downflow reactor and includes more than one location for gas input and following each location of gas input cavitation is created in the mixture.
7 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is an inflow reactor and includes more than one location for gas input and following each location of gas input cavitation is created in the mixture.
8 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the injection assembly has an inlet diameter, an exit diameter and a neck diameter which is less than the inlet diameter.
9 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the injection assembly includes an orifice plate for creating cavitation in the flow.
10 . The system as recited in claim 1 , further comprising an entrainment collar.
11 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cavitation device includes a nozzle having a nozzle entrance and a nozzle exit with a nozzle neck positioned therebetween, said nozzle entrance and nozzle exit each having a diameter that is larger than a diameter of the nozzle neck.
12 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cavitation device includes an orifice.
13 . The system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the cavitation device includes a plate with the orifice positioned therein.
14 . The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cavitation device includes an entrainment collar.
15 . The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the cavitation device is configured to provide hydrodynamic cavitation.
16 . The system as recited in claim 15 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide hydrodynamic cavitation.
17 . The system as recited in claim 1 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide hydrodynamic cavitation.
18 . The system of claim 1 wherein the injection assembly is configured to form hydroxyl radicals.
19 . The system of claim 18 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide hydrodynamic cavitation.
20 . The system of claim 1 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide no bubbles.
21 . The system of claim 1 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide nano bubbles.
22 . The system of claim 1 wherein the injection assembly is configured to provide fine bubbles.
23 . A method for mixing gases and liquids comprising:
a. introducing a predetermined amount of liquid into a reactor vessel;
b. introducing a predetermined amount of a gas into a reactor vessel;
c. mixing the liquid and the gas in the reactor vessel using cavitation or turbulence to form a mixture;
d. injecting the mixture of the liquid and the gas into a process.
24 . The method of claim 23 further comprising the step of pressurizing the reactor vessel to at least one atmosphere.
25 . The method of claim 23 wherein step b. includes injecting the predetermined amount of gas into the reactor vessel in a plurality of different locations.
26 . The method of claim 25 wherein the cavitation or turbulence of step c. occurs in a plurality of locations in the reactor vessel, where each of the plurality of cavitation or turbulence locations follows a corresponding one of the plurality of gas injection locations.
27 . The method of claim 23 wherein step c. includes inducing hydrodynamic cavitation.
28 . The method of claim 23 wherein step d. includes inducing hydrodynamic cavitation.
29 . The method of claim 23 wherein step d. includes forming hydroxyl radicals.
30 . The method of claim 23 wherein step c. includes forming a supersaturated solution.