Granular absorbent and system and method for treating or processing granular absorbent during granular absorbent transport
A system and method for treating or processing granular absorbent while the granular absorbent is being transported in a fluid stream that preferably is a stream of air. The system includes a pneumatic conveyor with a conduit that draws pellets exiting an extruder into the conduit drying the pellets as they are transported through the conduit. Material can be introduced that dries, coats or otherwise treats the pellets while the pellets are transported through the conduit. Coating material, e.g., powdered bentonite can coat and also dry pellets during transport. A conduit can have inner pellet treating surface that abrades pellets transported through the conduit producing smaller fines that can be packaged with pellets forming a granular absorbent product that forms clumps on top that extend generally horizontally.
1. A method for treating granular absorbent upon extrusion from an extruder comprising:
(a) extruding from a discharge of an extruder from a starch-containing admixture within the extruder at least a plurality of pairs of extruded liquid-absorbent pellets per second at a minimum extruder temperature and a minimum extruder pressure that produces extruded liquid-absorbent pellets each having a water-soluble binder formed from starch in the starch-containing admixture during extrusion in an amount sufficient to produce a clump of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets when wetted with water or urine without the presence of any other binder additive in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets; and
(b) transporting the liquid-absorbent pellets away from the extruder in a stream of turbulently flowing air upon the extruding of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the discharge of the extruder, the stream of turbulently flowing air substantially simultaneously cooling and drying the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets to prevent loss of the water-soluble binder in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets and without heating the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets (1)(i) from an initial temperature of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a temperature that is at least 15 degrees Celsius less than the initial temperature before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream, and (2)( i ) from an initial moisture content of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a moisture content that is at least 3% by pellet weight less than the initial moisture content before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the turbulently flowing air substantially simultaneously cools and dries the liquid-absorbent pellets being transported in the turbulently flowing air without using an oven to heat and dry the liquid-absorbent pellets.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flows through an elongate pellet-transporting conduit transporting the liquid-absorbent pellets in the pellet-transporting conduit through the pellet-transporting conduit and away from the discharge of the extruder, and the transporting step (b) occurs while the liquid-absorbent pellets are being transported in the turbulently flowing air flowing through the pellet-transporting conduit.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising an air mover in air-flow communication with the conduit, the air mover causing the turbulently flowing air to flow through the pellet-transporting conduit.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the air mover comprises a blower, fan, compressor, or pump.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the air mover comprises a centrifugal blower or squirrel cage blower.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the air mover and the pellet-transporting conduit comprise a pneumatic conveyor.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flowing through the pellet-transporting conduit transporting the liquid-absorbent pellets through the conduit cools the liquid-absorbent pellets by reducing a temperature of the liquid absorbent pellets to a temperature that is at least 30° Celsius less than an initial temperature of the liquid-absorbent pellets entering the conduit.
9. The method of claim 4 , wherein the air mover sucks the turbulently flowing air through the pellet-transporting conduit.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flows through the pellet-transporting conduit at a flow rate of at least 500 cubic feet per minute.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flows through the pellet-transporting conduit at a flow rate of between 1000 cubic feet per minute and 2000 cubic feet per minute.
12. The method of claim 4 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flows through the pellet-transporting conduit at a flow rate of between 1000 cubic feet per minute and 2000 cubic feet per minute.
13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pellet-transporting conduit has (1) an inlet at one end, the pellet-transporting conduit inlet disposed in communication with the discharge of the extruder for receiving the liquid-absorbent pellets extruded from the discharge of the extruder, and (2) an outlet at an end of the pellet-transporting conduit opposite the inlet, the air mover in air flow communication with the conduit outlet.
14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising an extrudate discharge chamber disposed in communication with the discharge of the extruder, the extrudate discharge chamber receiving the liquid-absorbent pellets extruded from the discharge of the extruder, and wherein the inlet end of the pellet-transporting conduit is disposed in the extrudate discharge chamber, the pellet-transporting conduit receiving the liquid-absorbent pellets extruded from the discharge of the extruder into the extrudate discharge chamber.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the extrudate discharge chamber substantially gas-tightly encloses the discharge of the extruder.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the extrudate discharge chamber has a vent configured to control a flow of air entering or leaving the extrudate discharge chamber.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the turbulently flowing air flows through the pellet-transporting conduit at a flow rate of between 1500 cubic feet per minute and 2750 cubic feet per minute.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starch-containing admixture is composed of at least one cereal grain.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the starch-containing admixture is comprised of at least one of corn and sorghum.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extruder is a single screw extruder.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of at least 7% water-soluble binder by pellet weight.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of at least 5% cold water-soluble binder by pellet weight.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of at least 15% water-soluble binder by pellet weight.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of at least 10% cold water-soluble binder by pellet weight.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets are cooled to a temperature that is within 10 degrees of room temperature during the transporting step (b).
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets are cooled to a temperature that is within 10 degrees of 23° Celsius during the transporting step (b).
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the moisture content of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets is reduced to a moisture content that is at least 4% less than the initial moisture content during the transporting step (b).
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the moisture content of extruded liquid-absorbent pellets is reduced to a moisture content that is between 5% and 15% by pellet weight after completing the transporting step (b).
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein after the transporting step (b) and without being coated, the extruded liquid-absorbing pellets have a density of between 25 lbs/ft 3 and 32 lbs/ft 3 .
30. The method of claim 1 , wherein cooling and drying of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets during the transporting step (b) is performed immediately upon extrusion of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the discharge of the extruder.
31. A method for treating granular absorbent upon extrusion from an extruder comprising:
(a) extruding from a discharge of an extruder from a starch-containing admixture within the extruder at least a plurality of pairs of extruded liquid-absorbent pellets per second at a minimum extruder temperature and a minimum extruder pressure that produces extruded liquid-absorbent pellets each having a water-soluble binder formed from starch in the starch-containing admixture during extrusion in an amount sufficient to produce a clump of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets when wetted with water or urine without the presence of any other binder additive in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets; and
(b) transporting the liquid-absorbent pellets away from the extruder in a stream of turbulently flowing air upon the extruding of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the discharge of the extruder, the stream of turbulently flowing air substantially simultaneously cooling and drying the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets to prevent loss of the water-soluble binder in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets and without heating the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets (1)(i) from an initial temperature of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a temperature that is at least 15 degrees Celsius less than the initial temperature before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream, and (2)(i) from an initial moisture content of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a moisture content that is at least 3% by pellet weight less than the initial moisture content before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream; and
wherein the water-soluble binder in each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of dextrin.
32. A method for treating granular absorbent upon extrusion from an extruder comprising:
(a) extruding from a discharge of an extruder from a starch-containing admixture within the extruder at least a plurality of pairs of extruded liquid-absorbent pellets per second at a minimum extruder temperature and a minimum extruder pressure that produces extruded liquid-absorbent pellets each having a water-soluble binder formed from starch in the starch-containing admixture during extrusion in an amount sufficient to produce a clump of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets when wetted with water or urine without the presence of any other binder additive in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets; and
(b) transporting the liquid-absorbent pellets away from the extruder in a stream of turbulently flowing air upon the extruding of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the discharge of the extruder, the stream of turbulently flowing air substantially simultaneously cooling and drying the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets to prevent loss of the water-soluble binder in the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets and without heating the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets (1)(i) from an initial temperature of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a temperature that is at least 15 degrees Celsius less than the initial temperature before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream, and (2)(i) from an initial moisture content of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets entering the turbulently flowing air stream, and (ii) to a moisture content that is at least 3% by pellet weight less than the initial moisture content before exiting of the extruded liquid-absorbent pellets from the turbulently flowing air stream; and
wherein during the extruding step (a), the extruder is operated within a temperature range and a pressure range that causes dextrinization to occur during extrusion.
33. The method of claim 32 , wherein each extruded liquid-absorbent pellet is comprised of at least 2% dextrin by pellet weight.