Metal drop ejecting three-dimensional (3D) object printer with double thermal layer insulation for the build platform translational mechanism
A three-dimensional (3D) metal object manufacturing apparatus has a plurality of thermally insulative members that float in a volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid in which a X-Y translation mechanism moves to position a platform opposite an ejector. The apparatus also includes a housing having an internal volume in which the platform and X-Y translation mechanism are located. The heat transfer lubricating fluid can be a molten salt, such as a molten fluoride, chloride, or nitrate molten salt. The thermally insulative members can be spheres made of zirconium oxide or zirconium dioxide. The thermally insulative layer formed by the members floating in the fluid protects the X-Y mechanism while the housing helps keep the surface temperature of the object being formed on the platform in an optimal range for bonding of melted metal drops ejected from the ejector to a surface of a metal object being formed on the platform.
1. A metal drop ejecting apparatus comprising:
an ejector head;
a platform positioned opposite the ejector head;
a heater configured to direct heat toward the platform;
a translation mechanism configured to move the platform in an X-Y plane opposite the ejector head;
a housing that encloses an internal volume in which the translation mechanism and platform are located;
a first actuator operatively connected to the platform, the first actuator being configured to operate the translation mechanism to move the platform within the housing; and
a plurality of thermally insulative members positioned in a volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid that comprises a molten salt and covers the translation mechanism within a portion of the internal volume of the housing between the platform and the floor of the housing, each thermally insulative member has a spherical shape.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ejector head is configured for fluid connection to a source of melted bulk metal.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein the translation mechanism is a X-Y translation mechanism configured to move the ejector head in an X-Y plane parallel to the platform.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein the housing has at least one wall and a floor that encloses an internal volume in which the X-Y translation mechanism and the platform are located.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 further comprising:
a second actuator operatively connected to the ejector head, the second actuator being configured to move the ejector head bidirectionally along an axis perpendicular to the X-Y plane within the internal volume of the housing.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 further comprising:
a controller operatively connected to the heater, the first actuator, the second actuator, and the ejector head, the controller being configured to:
operate the first actuator to operate the X-Y mechanism to move the ejector head in the X-Y plane within the internal volume of the housing;
operate the heater to direct heat toward the platform; and
operate the ejector head to eject drops of melted bulk metal to form a metal object on the platform.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising:
a heat exchanger fluidly connected to the volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid in the housing;
a pump operatively connected between the heat exchanger and the volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid in the housing;
a first temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature within the internal volume of the housing; and
the controller being operatively connected to the first temperature sensor and the pump, the controller being further configured to compare the signal generated by the first temperature sensor to a maximum operating temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid; and
operate the pump to move heat transfer lubricating fluid from the housing into the heat exchanger and back into the housing when the signal generated by the first temperature sensor exceeds the maximum operating temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , the controller being further configured to compare the signal generated by the first temperature sensor to an upper temperature limit and a lower temperature limit to operate the heater and maintain the upper surface of the object being formed in the temperature range of about 400° C. to about 550° C.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising:
a fan configured to direct air toward the heat exchanger; and
a second temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the heat transfer lubricating fluid being returned to the housing from the heat exchanger; and
the controller is operatively connected to the second temperature sensor and the fan, the controller being further configured to:
compare the signal generated by the second temperature sensor to an maximum return temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid; and
operate the fan to direct air into the heat exchanger when the signal generated by the second temperature sensor exceeds the maximum return temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the heater comprises an infrared heating tube.
11. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein the heater comprises a convective or ceramic heater.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the molten salt comprises a fluoride, chloride, or nitrate salt.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each thermally insulative member has a thermal conductivity in a range of about 1.8 W/m·K to about 2.2 W/m·K.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein each thermally insulative member has a diameter of about 1/16 of an inch to about ½ of an inch or about 2 mm to about 6 mm.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein each thermally insulative member is formed of a material including a ceramic that includes zirconium dioxide or zirconium oxide.
16. A metal drop ejecting apparatus comprising:
an ejector head;
a platform positioned opposite the ejector head;
a heater configured to direct heat toward the platform;
a translation mechanism configured to move the platform in an X-Y plane opposite the ejector head;
a housing that encloses an internal volume in which the translation mechanism and platform are located;
a first actuator operatively connected to the platform, the first actuator being configured to operate the translation mechanism to move the platform within the housing; and
a plurality of thermally insulative members positioned in a volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid that covers the translation mechanism within a portion of the internal volume of the housing between the platform and the floor of the housing, the plurality of thermally insulative members float on the heat transfer lubricating fluid to form an insulative layer over the heat transfer lubricating fluid.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising:
a heat exchanger fluidly connected to the volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid in the housing;
a pump operatively connected between the heat exchanger and the volume of heat transfer lubricating fluid in the housing;
a first temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature within the internal volume of the housing; and
a controller operatively connected to the first temperature sensor and the pump, the controller being configured to compare the signal generated by the first temperature sensor to a maximum operating temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid; and
operate the pump to move heat transfer lubricating fluid from the housing into the heat exchanger and back into the housing when the signal generated by the first temperature sensor exceeds the maximum operating temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , the controller being further configured to compare the signal generated by the first temperature sensor to an upper temperature limit and a lower temperature limit to operate the heater and maintain the upper surface of the object being formed in the temperature range of about 400° C. to about 550° C.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 further comprising:
a fan configured to direct air toward the heat exchanger; and
a second temperature sensor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the heat transfer lubricating fluid being returned to the housing from the heat exchanger; and
the controller is operatively connected to the second temperature sensor and the fan, the controller being further configured to:
compare the signal generated by the second temperature sensor to an maximum return temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid; and
operate the fan to direct air into the heat exchanger when the signal generated by the second temperature sensor exceeds the maximum return temperature for the heat transfer lubricating fluid.
20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the heat transfer lubricating fluid comprises a molten salt.