Systems, methods, and devices for cation-associating fuel cell components
Improved membrane electrode assemblies, cation-associating components thereof, and methods of making and treating the same are provided. Membrane electrode assemblies may include an ionomer having a first pKa value, and a water-insoluble net polymer having a weakly-acidic functional group, wherein the weakly-acidic functional group has a second pKa value greater than the first pKa value.
1. A membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a proton exchange membrane comprising an ionomer having a first pKa value; and
a cation-associating layer comprising the ionomer and a water-insoluble net polymer comprising a weakly-acidic functional group having a second pKa value,
wherein the second pKa value is at least 1.0 greater than the first pKa value of the ionomer, and
wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed between a cathode catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assembly and a cathode microporous layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
2. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed in at least a portion of the cathode microporous layer.
3. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 1 , comprising:
a first cation-associating layer comprising the ionomer and a first portion of the water-insoluble net polymer; and
at least one second cation-associating layer comprising a second portion of the water-insoluble net polymer,
wherein the first cation-associating layer is configured to immobilize radical scavengers, and the at least one second cation-associating layer is configured to sequester contaminant cations.
4. A membrane electrode assembly comprising:
a proton exchange membrane disposed between an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer; and
a cation-associating layer comprising a water-insoluble net polymer,
wherein the water-insoluble net polymer comprises a weakly-acidic functional group, and
wherein the weakly-acidic functional group is configured to preferentially associate with contaminant cations, and
wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed in at least a portion of the cathode catalyst layer.
5. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 4 , wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and a microporous layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
6. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 5 , wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed in at least a portion of a microporous layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
7. The membrane electrode assembly of claim 4 , wherein the cation-associating layer is disposed in at least one of an anode-side gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly or a cathode-side gas diffusion layer of the membrane electrode assembly.
8. A membrane electrode assembly, comprising:
a proton exchange membrane comprising an ionomer and disposed between an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer; and
a cation-associating layer comprising a water-insoluble net polymer and disposed between the cathode catalyst layer and a cathode-side microporous layer,
wherein the water-insoluble net polymer comprises a weakly-acidic functional group,
wherein the ionomer comprises a first pKa and the weakly-acidic functional group comprises a second pKa at least 3.0 greater than the first pKa, and
wherein a concentration of water-insoluble net polymer increases across the cation-associating layer in a through-plane direction from a first, lower concentration at an interface between the cathode catalyst layer and the cation-associating layer to a second, higher concentration at an interface between the cation-associating layer and the cathode-side microporous layer.