Continuous fermentation process for meat curing agents
In some aspects, the present disclosure provides an advantageous process for preparing meat curing agents. In some embodiments, a process for continuous conversion of plant-based nitrates to nitrites includes: inoculating a source material liquid comprised of nitrates with a bacterial culture capable of converting nitrates to nitrites; when nitrites in the source material liquid reach a desired concentration, harvesting a first harvest volume of the source material liquid at a harvest rate; and replenishing the harvested volume of the source material liquid with source material liquid comprising additional nitrates at a feed rate, wherein the harvest rate is higher than the feed rate.
1. A method for continuous production of a curing agent, the method comprises:
inoculating a source material liquid comprising plant-based nitrates with a bacterial culture to convert nitrates to nitrites;
when nitrites in the source material liquid reach a desired concentration, harvesting a first harvest volume of the source material liquid at a harvest rate; and
replenishing the first harvest volume of the source material liquid with source material liquid comprising additional nitrates at a feed rate, wherein the harvest rate is higher than the feed rate.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining a rate of conversion of nitrates to nitrites;
calculating a time for desired conversion (Tconversion) of nitrates to nitrites based on an initial concentration of nitrates in the source material liquid and the rate of conversion;
calculating the first harvest volume based on a total volume of the source material liquid and Tconversion; and
calculating the feed rate based on the first harvest volume and a harvest time.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising:
Harvesting one or more additional harvest volumes of the source material liquid with the desired concentration of nitrites at regular time intervals equal to the harvest time.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein, if a concentration of nitrites in the first harvest volume is lower than the desired concentration of nitrites, decreasing the feed rate, decreasing the first harvest volume, or increasing the harvest time.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising: adjusting an initial concentration of nitrates in the source material liquid.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the rate of conversion of nitrates to nitrites is a maximum conversion rate of nitrates to nitrites for the bacterial culture.
7. The method of claim 6 further comprising: adjusting one or more of the first harvest volume, harvest rate and feed rate to maintain the maximum conversion rate of nitrates to nitrites.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
determining a rate of conversion of nitrates to nitrites and allowing the rate of conversion to become a maximum conversion rate of nitrates to nitrites for the bacterial culture before harvesting a first harvest volume.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first harvest volume is between 20 and 80% of an initial volume of the source material liquid.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the harvest rate is between 3 and 100 times faster than the feed rate.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material liquid has a nitrate concentration of at least 100 ppm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source material liquid has a Degrees Brix measurement between 1 and 12.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the desired concentration of nitrites is achieved when at least 85% of nitrates have been converted to nitrites.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the harvest time is between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
15. A method for continuous production of a curing agent, the method comprising:
converting, using a bacterial culture, plant-based nitrates in a source material liquid to nitrites;
allowing the nitrites in the source material liquid to reach a desired concentration and harvesting a first harvest volume of the source material liquid at a harvest rate; and
replenishing the first harvest volume of the source material liquid with additional source material liquid comprising additional plant-based nitrates at a feed rate, wherein the harvest rate is between 3 and 100 times faster than the feed rate.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the harvest rate is between 5 and 50 times faster than the feed rate.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first harvest volume is such that at least 30% of the bacterial culture remains in the source material liquid.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the first harvest volume is between 40 and 60% of an initial volume of the source material liquid.
19. A method for continuous production of a curing agent, the method comprising:
converting, using a bacterial culture, plant-based nitrates in a source material liquid to nitrites;
allowing the nitrites in the source material liquid to reach a desired concentration and harvesting a first harvest volume of the source material liquid at a harvest rate; and
replenishing the first harvest volume of the source material liquid with additional source material liquid comprising additional plant-based nitrates at a feed rate, wherein the harvest rate is higher than the feed rate, and wherein the first harvest volume is such that at least 30% of the bacterial culture remains in the source material liquid.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the harvest rate is between 3 and 100 times faster than the feed rate, and wherein the first harvest volume is between 40 and 60% of an initial volume of the source material liquid.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the harvest rate is based on the feed rate, a rate of replenishing the bacterial culture, or a combination thereof.