Controlling reactability of water-reactive aluminum
Materials, kits, and methods are directed to controlling reactability of activated aluminum to produce hydrogen when exposed to water. For example, a moisture-stabilized material may be treatable with one or more additives to form a water-reactive source of hydrogen. The moisture-stabilized material may include a bulk volume including aluminum, at least one activation metal disposed along the aluminum within the bulk volume, the at least one activation metal more noble than the aluminum, and a salt along at least an outer surface of the bulk volume, the salt dissolvable in water to form an ion-containing solution at a rate faster than a reaction rate of water with the aluminum of the bulk volume.
1. A method of producing hydrogen from water-reactive aluminum, the method comprising:
providing a material in a container, the material including a bulk volume including aluminum and at least one activation metal, the at least one activation metal disposed along the aluminum within the bulk volume, and the at least one activation metal includes gallium;
exposing a first aqueous solution to an additive to form a second aqueous solution, the aluminum of the bulk volume having a first hydrogen yield in the first aqueous solution, the additive including dietary flavonoids, and the aluminum of the bulk volume having a second hydrogen yield in the second aqueous solution, the second hydrogen yield greater than the first hydrogen yield; and
in the container, reacting the second aqueous solution with the aluminum of the bulk volume to produce reaction products including hydrogen.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first aqueous solution is saltwater.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the material in the container includes dissolving a salt from an outer surface of the bulk volume, and the salt includes an ionic assembly of cations and anions such that the first aqueous solution include cations and anions dissolved from the salt.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein, within the container, the first aqueous solution is exposed to the additive to form the second aqueous solution in the presence of the bulk volume including aluminum and the at least one activation metal.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive includes one or more acids.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the one or more acids include citric acid, muriatic acid, ascorbic acid, uric acid, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive includes one or more food-grade consumables.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include powder, crystals, or a combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include an alkaloid including allicin or caffeine.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include instant iced tea, coffee, garlic, or a combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include fruit.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include wine, fruit juice, or a combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the one or more food-grade consumables include flour.