Fabricating organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using tubulin
Organic light-emitting diodes are disclosed comprising an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer. At least one of the transport layers is formed by (a) dissolving tubulin or microtubules in a mixture of water and a solvent that changes the surface charge of tubulin, wherein the percentage of solvent in the mixture is selected so that the tubulin acquires a desired surface charge, and (b) using the tubulin with the desired surface charge to fabricate the at least one of the transport layers. Advantageously, the solvent may be DMSO. Methods of fabricating such organic light emitting diodes are also disclosed.
1. A method of fabricating an organic light emitting diode comprising:
dissolving tubulin in a mixture of water and DMSO, wherein the percentage of DMSO in the mixture is selected so that the tubulin acquires a desired surface charge; and
using the tubulin with the desired surface charge to fabricate at least one transport layer of an organic light-emitting diode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate an electron transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate a hole transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode.
4. A method of fabricating an organic light emitting diode comprising:
dissolving tubulin in a mixture of water and a solvent that changes the surface charge of tubulin, wherein the percentage of solvent in the mixture is selected so that the tubulin acquires a desired surface charge; and
using the tubulin with the desired surface charge to fabricate at least one transport layer of an organic light-emitting diode.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate an electron transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate a hole transport layer of the organic light-emitting diode.
7. An organic light-emitting diode comprising:
an electron transport layer; and
a hole transport layer,
wherein at least one of the transport layers is formed by (a) dissolving tubulin or microtubules in a mixture of water and a solvent that changes the surface charge of tubulin, wherein the percentage of solvent in the mixture is selected so that the tubulin acquires a desired surface charge, and (b) using the tubulin with the desired surface charge to fabricate the at least one of the transport layers.
8. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate the electron transport layer.
9. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate the hole transport layer.
10. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , wherein the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are both implemented in a single physical layer.
11. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , further comprising:
an electron blocking layer; and
a hole blocking layer.
12. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 7 , wherein the solvent is DMSO.
13. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 12 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate the electron transport layer.
14. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 12 , wherein the tubulin with the desired surface charge is used to fabricate the hole transport layer.
15. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 12 , wherein the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer are both implemented in a single physical layer.
16. The organic light-emitting diode of claim 12 , further comprising:
an electron blocking layer; and
a hole blocking layer.