Traveling spark igniter
An igniter having at least two electrodes spaced from each other by an insulating member having a substantially continuous surface along a path between the electrodes. The electrodes extend substantially parallel to each other for a distance both above and below said surface. The insulating member has a channel (recess) for receiving at least a portion of a length of at least one of said electrodes below and to said surface of the insulating member. The surface of the insulating member may preferably be augmented with a conductivity enhancing agent. The insulating member and electrodes are configured so that an electric field between the electrodes at said surface does not have abrupt field intensity changes, whereby when a potential is applied to the electrodes sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between the electrodes, discharge occurs at said surface of the insulating member to define a plasma initiation region.
1. An igniter having at least two electrodes spaced from each other by an insulating member having a continuous surface along a path between the at least two electrodes, the at least two electrodes extending parallel to each other in a first direction for a distance both above and below said continuous surface, the insulating member being shaped with a first inset channel for receiving at least a portion of a length of a first electrode of said at least two electrodes below and to said continuous surface of the insulating member and a second inset channel for receiving at least a first side of at least a portion of a length of a second electrode of said at least two electrodes and exposing at least a second side of the portion of the length of the second electrode, the first and second sides facing in directions perpendicular to the first direction, wherein said continuous surface of the insulating member defines a plasma initiation region for when a potential is applied to the at least two electrodes sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between the at least two electrodes.
2. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein said continuous surface of the insulating member is doped with a conductivity-enhancing agent.
3. The igniter of claim 2 , wherein the insulating member is of a ceramic material and the conductivity-enhancing agent is a metallic material.
4. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein said continuous surface of the insulating member is at least partially coated with a conductivity-enhancing agent.
5. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the first inset channel is a bore, surrounded by the insulating member, that receives the first electrode.
6. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein:
the first electrode is an inner electrode; and
the second electrode is one of a plurality of outer electrodes elongated in the first direction, the insulating member having, for each of the plurality of outer electrodes, an inset channel running parallel to the inner electrode and shaped to receive at least a third side of said outer electrode and to expose at least a fourth side of said outer electrode, the third and fourth sides facing in directions perpendicular to the first direction.
7. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the continuous surface is a flat surface.
8. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes remain parallel for at least 0.080″ below the initiation region.
9. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode has a curved surface inset into the second inset channel, the second inset channel being correspondingly curved.
10. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode has a curved surface with a convex orientation toward the first electrode in an area of minimum separation between the first and second electrodes.
11. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is centered at a first axis and the second electrode is centered at a second axis that is radially offset from the first axis.
12. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein said first and second electrodes being of circular cross-section, and the second inset channel is circular or partially circular, running parallel to the first electrode, and sized to receive said second electrode.
13. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is part of a unitary structure coaxially oriented around the first electrode.
14. The igniter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said first and second electrodes is larger in cross-section above said continuous surface of the insulating member than below said continuous surface.
15. The igniter claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrodes remain parallel for at least 0.250″ below the plasma initiation region.
16. An igniter, comprising:
an insulating member shaped with:
a first inset channel;
second and third inset channels disposed on different respective sides of the first inset channel; and
a surface spacing apart the first, second, and third inset channels;
a first electrode having at least a portion of a length thereof received in the first inset channel below and to the surface of the insulating member;
a second electrode having at least a portion of a length thereof received in the second inset channel below and to the surface of the insulating member; and
a third electrode having at least a portion of a length thereof received in the third inset channel below and to the surface of the insulating member,
wherein:
at least two of the first, second, and third electrodes are configured as an anode and a cathode, respectively; and
the surface of the insulating member defines a plasma initiation region for when a potential is applied to at least the anode and the cathode sufficient to cause breakdown to occur between at least the anode and the cathode.
17. The igniter of claim 16 , wherein the first inset channel is a bore, surrounded by the insulating member, that receives the first electrode, and the first electrode is configured as one of the anode and the cathode.
18. The igniter of claim 16 , wherein:
the first electrode is an inner electrode and configured as one of the anode and the cathode; and
the second and third electrodes are outer electrodes and each configured as anodes or each configured as cathodes.
19. The igniter of claim 16 , wherein:
the first, second, and third electrodes are elongated in a first direction;
the first inset channel is shaped to fully receive surround the first electrode on sides that face in directions perpendicular to the first direction; and
the second inset channel is shaped to surround the second electrode on at least a first side and expose the second electrode on at least a second side, the first and second sides facing in directions perpendicular to the first direction; and
the third inset channel is shaped to surround the third electrode on at least a third side and expose the third electrode on at least a fourth side, the third and fourth sides facing in directions perpendicular to the first direction.
20. The igniter of claim 16 , wherein:
the first, second, and third electrodes are elongated in a first direction;
a cross-section of the second electrode that is normal to the first direction, where the second electrode is received in the second inset channel, has a diameter smaller than the length of the second electrode in the first direction; and
a cross-section of the third electrode that is normal to the first direction, where the third electrode is received in the third inset channel, has a diameter smaller than the length of the third electrode in the first direction.