High refractive index birefringent organic solid crystal and methods of making thereof

1. A method of making an optical film, the method comprising:

obtaining an ampoule having one or more nucleation portions and a crystal growth portion coupled with the one or more nucleation portions, wherein the ampoule is filled with organic solid crystal source material;

placing the ampoule inside a first space of a chamber thereby heating the organic solid crystal source material to a melting state, the first space having a first temperature, the chamber also having a second space with a second temperature, the first space and the second space being separated by a gate; and

transferring the ampoule from the first space of the chamber to the second space of the chamber thereby recrystallizing the organic solid crystal source material to form a contiguous organic solid crystal film having (i) a first dimension no less than 100 micrometers and (ii) a second dimension that is distinct from the first dimension and is no less than one centimeter.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ampoule further includes:

a chassis defining the one or more nucleation portions and the crystal growth portion, the chassis including:

a double wall structure having a first wall and a second wall, the double wall at least partially surrounding a respective nucleation area of the one or more nucleation areas and the crystal growth portion; and

a buffer material placed between the first wall and the second wall.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ampoule includes a controlled-nucleation surface in contact with the organic solid crystal source material.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second dimension is no less than three centimeters.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film is curved or flat.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an index of refraction of the optical film is at least 1.6.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an index of refraction of the optical film measured in a direction either perpendicular or parallel to a surface defined by the organic solid crystal film is at least 1.6 and an optical anisotropy of the organic solid crystal film is at least 0.03.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an optical anisotropy of the optical film is at least 0.1.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film includes a single crystal or a polycrystal.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film includes one or more organic crystals selected of the group consisting of: naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, pentacene, pyrene, polycene, fluoranthene, benzophenone, benzochromene, benzil, benzimidazole, benzene, hexachlorobenzene, nitropyridine-N-oxide, benzene-1, 4-dicarboxylic acid, diphenylacetylene, N-(4-nitrophenyl)-(s)-prolinal, 4,5-dicyanoimidazole, benzodithiophene, cyanopyridine, thienothiophene, stilbene, azobenzene, and their derivatives.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film includes at least one selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane, cyclopentane, tetrahydropyran, piperidine, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, tetrahydrothiophene, benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, thiophene, bi-phenyl, tolane, benzimidazole, diphenylacetylene, cyanopyridine, thienothiophene, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, silafluorene, and their derivatives.

12. The method of claim 11 , the one or more ring structures are coupled with one or more of C 1 -C 10 alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl groups, —CN, —NCS, —SCN, —SF 5 , —Br, —Cl, —F, —OCF 3 , —CF 3 , and mono- or polyfluorinated C 1 -C 10 alkyl or alkoxy.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film includes one or more crystalline polymers with precursors having aromatic hydrocarbon or heteroarene groups and their derivatives, wherein the one or more crystalline polymers are selected from a group consisting of polyethylene naphthalate, poly (vinyl phenyl sulfide), poly(a-methylstyrene), polythienothiophene, polythiophene, poly(n-vinylphtalimide), parylene, polysulfide, polysulfone, poly(bromophenyl), poly(vinlynaphthalene), and liquid crystal polymers with precursors.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film is a combination of:

polymers with aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, or heteroarene groups;

fatty acids, lipids or plasticizer; and

a surfactant including molecules with mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy groups.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solid crystal film includes one or more organic crystals selected of the group consisting of organic solid crystal molecules of

wherein R, R 1 , and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , H, OH, methoxy (OMe), ethoxy (OEt), isopropoxide (OiPr), F, Cl, Br, I, Ph, NO 2 , SO 3 , SO 2 Me, isopropyl (iPr), propyl (Pr), tert-Butyl (t-Bu), sec-butyl (sec-Bu), ethyl (Et), acetyl, SH, S-methyl (SMe), carboxyl, aldyhide, amide, nitrile, ester, SO 2 NH 3 , NH 2 , N-dimethyl (NMe 2 ), N-methyl (NMeH), and C 2 H 2 .

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical film is used for manufacturing a waveguide combiner, a diffractive lens, or a polarization selective grating.

17. The method of claim 3 , the controlled-nucleation surface includes one or more of SiO 2 , fused silica, quartz, silicone, siloxane, silicon, siloxane, SiC, sapphire, and a polymer with fluorinated groups, alkyl groups, cyclic aliphatic groups, cyclic aromatic groups, or heteroarene groups.

18. The method of claim 3 , wherein the controlled-nucleation surface includes a non-polymer based coating selected from a silane based fluorinated group, alkyl groups cyclic aliphatic group, cyclic aromatic group, heteroarene group, organic small molecule based crystalline, and any of

wherein R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of CH 3 , H, OH, methoxy (OMe), ethoxy (OEt), isopropoxide (OiPr), F, Cl, Br, I, Ph, NO 2 , SO 3 , SO 2 Me, isopropyl (iPr), propyl (Pr), tert-Butyl (t-Bu), sec-butyl (sec-Bu), ethyl (Et), acetyl, SH, S-methyl (SMe), carboxyl, aldyhide, amide, nitrile, ester, SO 2 NH 3 , NH 2 , N-dimethyl (NMe 2 ), N-methyl (NMeH), and C 2 H 2 .