Liquid clonidine extended release composition
An oral clonidine dosage unit providing a twenty-four hour extended release profile following a single dose administration is provided. The dosage unit comprises a pharmaceutically effective amount of a coated complex comprising clonidine bound to a cationic exchange resin, which is characterized by a twenty-four hour release profile. Dosage units may also provide an immediate release component.
1. An extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension which provides a once-a-day therapeutic effect for clonidine comprising:
(A) a pharmaceutically effective amount of modified release barrier coated clonidine-cation exchange resin complex-matrix particles, wherein the particles each comprise clonidine bound to a cationic exchange resin in a matrix comprising a hydrophilic polymer or co-polymer, wherein the modified release barrier coating comprises 50% w/w to about 80% w/w of the particle and is in a layer over the clonidine-cation exchange resin complex-matrix particles; wherein the modified release barrier coating comprises a pH-independent, water-insoluble polymer and a plasticizer and provides modified release to the clonidine in the barrier coated particles, wherein the hydrophilic polymer in the matrix comprises about 5% w/w to about 20% w/w of the particles:
wherein the modified release barrier coated clonidine-cation exchange resin complex-matrix particles provide about 70% w/w to about 95% w/w of the total clonidine in the suspension, as determined based on the amount of clonidine equivalent to clonidine HCl;
(B) an immediate release clonidine component(s) comprising (1) an immediate release clonidine-cation exchange resin complex- or (2) (a) an immediate release clonidine-cation exchange resin complex and (b) clonidine uncomplexed to an ion exchange resin, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clonidine uncomplexed to an ion exchange resin, or a combination thereof, wherein the immediate release clonidine component(s) provide about 5% w/w to about 30% w/w of the total clonidine in the suspension, as determined based on the amount of clonidine equivalent to clonidine HCl;
and
an aqueous suspension base.
2. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 which further comprises about 0.1% w/v to about 0.5% w/v of an anti-oxidant, and a buffering component.
3. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 2 , wherein the anti-oxidant comprises an ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid or a pharmaceutically acceptable water soluble salt thereof, ethyl maltol, or mixtures thereof.
4. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the immediate release clonidine components comprise the immediate release clonidine-cation exchange resin complex and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of clonidine uncomplexed to an ion exchange resin.
5. The extended release-oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of clonidine to cation exchange resin in the complex of (A) and/or (B) is about 1 parts clonidine by weight to about 300 parts resin by weight.
6. The extended-release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , wherein the ratio of clonidine to cation exchange resin in the complex of (A) and/or (B) is about 1 parts clonidine by weight to about 150 parts resin by weight.
7. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 5 , wherein the ratio of clonidine to cation exchange resin in the complex of (A) and/or (B) is about 1 parts clonidine by weight to about 25 parts resin by weight.
8. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the barrier coating is: at least one pH-independent barrier coating of (a) ethylcellulose and at least one plasticizer; (b) a cured polyvinyl acetate and at least one plasticizer, (c) a pH-independent acrylate based coating and an optional plasticizer, or (d) mixtures of any of (a), (b), and/or (c).
9. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 8 , wherein the barrier coating comprises about 70% w/w to about 90% w/w polyvinyl acetate and about 2.5% w/w to about 20% w/w plasticizer.
10. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the barrier coating comprises 49.5% w/w to 60.5% w/w of the coated particles.
11. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer or co-polymer in the matrix comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone.
12. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer or co-polymer in the matrix is about 5% w/w to about 10% w/w of the barrier clonidine-cation exchange resin complex-matrix.
13. The extended hour release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the cation exchange resin of (A) and/or (B) comprises a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene and a mobile (exchangeable) cation is sodium with a total cation exchange capacity of about 5 meq/g, and further comprises an average particle size of 10% to 25% in the range of 0.075 mm and no more than 1% being greater than 0.150 mm in size, and has about 9.4% to 11.5% sodium, a potassium exchange capacity of 110 to 135 mg/g, a heavy metals content of less than 10 ppm.
14. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the suspension provides a single plasma concentration peak for clonidine post-dosing under fasting conditions.
15. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the suspension provides one or more of the pharmacokinetic parameters for clonidine of:
(a) an arithmetic mean Cmax (pg/mL) of about 326 pg/mL to about 508 pg/mL; and/or
(b) an arithmetic mean AUC0-∞ (hr-pg/mL) of about 10,650 hr-pg/mL to about 16,650 hr-pg/mL; and/or
(c) an arithmetic mean Tmax (hr) of about 14 hours to 22 hours;
as assessed following dosing two times in a day separated by about 12 hours interval, 0.1 mg clonidine at each dosing time (i.e., at 0 and 12 hours) to provide a total daily dose of 0.2 mg clonidine, based on the equivalent to clonidine HCl.
16. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 15 , wherein the suspension provides one or more of the pharmacokinetic parameters for clonidine of:
(a) an arithmetic mean Cmax (pg/mL) of about 350 pg/mL to about 450 pg/mL; and/or
(b) an arithmetic mean AUC0-∞ (hr-pg/mL) of about 12,500 hr-pg/mL to about 14,550 hr-pg/mL; and/or
(c) an arithmetic mean Tmax (hr) of about 15.5 hours to about 20.5 hour.
17. A method for delivering an effective amount of clonidine fora twenty-four hour period comprising administering to a subject a single oral clonidine composition according to claim 1 prior to bed time.
18. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the suspension is at pH of about 3 to about 3.5.
19. The extended release oral clonidine aqueous suspension according to claim 1 , wherein the immediate release clonidine component(s) provide about 10% w/w of the total clonidine in the suspension, as determined based on the amount of clonidine equivalent to clonidine HCl.