Type V CRISPR/Cas effector proteins for cleaving ssDNAs and detecting target DNAs
Provided are compositions and methods for detecting a target DNA (double stranded or single stranded) in a sample. In some embodiments, a subject method includes: (a) contacting the sample with: (i) a type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein (e.g., a Cas12 protein such as Cas12a, Cas12b, Cas12c, Cas12d, Cas12e); (ii) a guide RNA (comprising a region that binds to the type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein, and a guide sequence that hybridizes with the target DNA); and (iii) a detector DNA that is single stranded (i.e., a “single stranded detector DNA”) and does not hybridize with the guide sequence of the guide RNA; and (b) measuring a detectable signal produced by cleavage (by the type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein) of the single stranded detector DNA. Also provided are compositions and methods for cleaving single stranded DNAs (e.g., non-target ssDNAs), e.g., inside of a cell.
1. A method of assaying for a target nucleic acid in a sample, the method comprising:
a. contacting the sample to a volume comprising:
i. a type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein,
ii. a guide nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to a nucleic acid segment of the target nucleic acid or an amplification or transcription product thereof, wherein the target nucleic acid or the amplification or transcription product thereof is DNA, and
iii. a detector DNA molecule; and
b. assaying for a signal produced by cleavage of the detector DNA molecule by the type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein upon hybridization of the guide nucleic acid to the nucleic acid segment of the target nucleic acid or the amplification or transcription product thereof, wherein assaying for the signal comprises measuring a change in the signal over time, wherein measuring the change in signal over time comprises measuring the change in signal in real-time, the method further comprising determining an amount of the target nucleic acid.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the type V CRISPR/Cas effector protein is a Cas12 protein comprising a Cas12a polypeptide, a Cas12b polypeptide, a Cas12c polypeptide, a Cas12d polypeptide, a Cas12e polypeptide, a C2c4 polypeptide, a C2c8 polypeptide, a C2c5 polypeptide, a C2c10 polypeptide, or a C2c9 polypeptide.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising amplifying the target nucleic acid to form the amplification product thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein amplifying the target nucleic acid and cleavage of the detector DNA molecule occur in the same volume.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the volume is incubated at a single temperature.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the volume is incubated from about 37° C. to about 95° C.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein amplifying the target nucleic acid and cleavage of the detector DNA molecule occur at the same time.
8. The method of claim 3 , wherein amplifying comprises isothermal amplification.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein amplifying comprises one or more of: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), helicase-dependent amplification (HDA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), strand displacement amplification (SDA), nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), nicking enzyme amplification reaction (NEAR), rolling circle amplification (RCA), multiple displacement amplification (MDA), ramification (RAM), circular helicase-dependent amplification (cHDA), single primer isothermal amplification (SPIA), self-sustained sequence replication (3SR), genome exponential amplification reaction (GEAR), isothermal multiple displacement amplification (IMDA), RNA amplification via T7 promoter, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising reverse transcribing the target nucleic acid to form the transcription product thereof.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein reverse transcribing the target nucleic acid and cleavage of the detector DNA molecule occur in the same volume.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target nucleic acid is single stranded or double stranded.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target nucleic acid is a viral nucleic acid or a bacterial nucleic acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a cell or a cell lysate.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample is blood, saliva, biopsy, plasma, serum, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, a fecal sample, cerebrospinal fluid, a fine needle aspirate, a buccal swab, a cervical swab, a nasal swab, interstitial fluid, synovial fluid, nasal discharge, tears, buffy coat, or a mucous membrane sample.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the assaying for the signal produced by cleavage of the detector nucleic acid comprises one or more of: visual based detection, sensor-based detection, color detection, gold nanoparticle-based detection, fluorescence polarization, colloid phase transition/dispersion, electrochemical detection, and semiconductor-based sensing.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detector DNA molecule produces the signal prior to cleavage of the detector nucleic acid, and the signal is reduced after cleavage of the detector DNA molecule.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal increases after cleavage of the detector DNA molecule.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detector DNA molecule comprises one or more fluorescence-emitting dye pairs.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detector DNA molecule comprises a modified nucleobase, a modified sugar moiety, a modified nucleic acid linkage, or a combination thereof.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detector DNA molecule does not hybridize with the sequence of the guide RNA.