Detecting microbial infections in wounds
Provided herein are microbial infection indicator devices, including dressing with indicators, standalone indicator inserts or disks that can be freely placed at a wound site or dressing, and applications thereof for displaying a visible or detectable signal to a user upon detection of an analyte or biomarker indicative of an infection, such as a color change.
1. A wound dressing comprising:
a) a wound contacting layer;
b) a reagent layer comprising one or more testing regions, wherein the reagent layer is in fluid communication with the wound contacting layer; and
c) an outer layer that overlays the reagent layer,
wherein the one or more testing regions comprise a leach-back trap in fluid communication with a reagent pad and one or more lines of wicking stitching or wicking tufting crossing through the one or more testing regions only at the leach-back trap.
2. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more testing regions includes one or more of a back-flow trap, the reagent pad, a filter pad, an indicator trap, and an absorbent area, and wherein when the one or more testing regions includes the reagent pad or the indicator, one or more viewing windows are located either above the reagent pad or the indicator trap.
3. The wound dressing of claim 2 , wherein when each of the one or more testing regions includes the reagent pad, the filter pad, the indicator trap, and the absorbent area:
a) the reagent pad is in fluid communication with the filter pad;
b) the filter pad is in fluid communication with the indicator trap; and
c) the indicator trap is in fluid communication with the absorbent area.
4. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more testing regions comprises one or more reagents selected from the group consisting of enzyme-reactive indicators, reagents that are sources of peroxide, enzymes that produce colored products, pH indicators, protein responsive reagents, and moisture-detecting reagents;
wherein the enzyme-reactive indicators are protein indicator conjugates;
wherein the protein indicator conjugates have the structure of Formula (I):
A-B Formula (I)
wherein:
A is an anchor region or moiety that attaches an enzyme-reactive region to the reagent pad covalently, non-covalently, or ionically; and
B is the enzyme-reactive region.
5. The wound dressing of claim 4 , wherein when each of the one or more testing regions includes enzyme-reactive indicators, B further comprises an indicator region having an enzyme reaction indicator.
6. The wound dressing of claim 5 , wherein the indicator region is configured to be cleaved by a target enzyme and transformed into a colored species by accessory enzymes selected from the group consisting of lipase, esterase, hexosaminidase, peroxidase, oxidase, glycosidase, glucosidase, laccase, and a combination of two or more thereof.
7. The wound dressing of claim 5 , wherein the enzyme-reactive indicators are configured for interaction with one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of elastase, lysozyme, cathepsin G, myeloperoxidase, and any combination thereof.
8. The wound dressing of claim 5 , wherein the enzyme-reactive indicators comprise a moiety capable of producing a visible color or a detectable electronic change upon interaction of an enzyme-labile or enzyme-reactive region with one or more enzymes, wherein the moiety is selected from the group consisting of a peroxidase substrate, arylamine, an amino phenol, a neutral dye, a charged dye, a nanoparticle, a colloidal gold particle, and an analog thereof.
9. The wound dressing of claim 1 , further comprising a foam layer between the wound contacting layer and the reagent layer.
10. The wound dressing of claim 9 , further comprising one or more perforations in the wound contacting layer.
11. The wound dressing of claim 1 , wherein the leach-back trap is in fluid communication with one or more perforations aligned with the leach-back trap.