System and method for cohesive multi-regional functional-anatomical medical image registration

1. A computer-implemented method for performing image registration, comprising:

obtaining, via a processor, a functional image volume and a corresponding anatomical image volume from a subject;

determining, via the processor, both a first volume of interest that includes a first group of predefined organs or anatomical structures and a second volume of interest that includes a second group of predefined organs or anatomical structures different from the first group from both the functional image volume and the corresponding anatomical image volume, wherein the first volume of interest at least partially encompasses the second volume of interest;

prior to applying both a first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme and a second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme, applying, via the processor, a third dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to a third volume of interest that encompasses both the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest to deform the third volume of interest;

applying, via the processor, both the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the first volume of interest to deform the first volume of interest and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the second volume of interest to deform the second volume of interest;

identifying or segmenting, via the processor, relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group in the first deformed volume of interest and the second deformed volume of interest, respectively;

generating, via the processor, a spatially smooth-transition weight mask that gives higher weight to image data corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group; and

generating, via the processor, a final cohesive registered image volume from the first deformed image volume of interest and the second deformed image volume of interest utilizing the spatially smooth-transition weight mask.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask keeps pre-determined deformation constraints on the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask gives an intermediate weight to image data located between regions corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , comprising redetermining, via the processor, the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest from the deformed third volume of interest prior to applying the first and second functional-anatomical registration schemes.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the third functional-anatomical registration scheme is applied to the functional image volume, the corresponding anatomical image volume, or both the functional image volume and the anatomical image volume.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme is applied to the functional image volume, the corresponding anatomical image volume, or both the functional image volume and the anatomical image volume.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme is applied to the functional image volume, the corresponding anatomical image volume, or both the functional image volume and the anatomical image volume.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group are obtained in the functional image volume, the corresponding anatomical image volume, or both the functional image volume and the corresponding anatomical image volume.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , comprising determining the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme for the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest based on the predefined organs or anatomical structures within the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest.

10. A system for cohesive multi-regional functional-anatomical medical image registration, comprising:

a memory encoding processor-executable routines;

a processor configured to access the memory and to execute the processor-executable routines, wherein the routines, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:

obtain a functional image volume and a corresponding anatomical image volume from a subject;

determine both a first volume of interest that includes a first group of predefined organs or anatomical structures and a second volume of interest that includes a second group of predefined organs or anatomical structures different from the first group from both the functional image volume and the corresponding anatomical image volume, wherein the first volume of interest at least partially encompasses the second volume of interest;

prior to applying both a first functional-anatomical registration scheme and a second functional-anatomical registration scheme, apply a third dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to a third volume of interest that encompasses both the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest to deform the third volume of interest;

apply both the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the first volume of interest to deform the first volume of interest and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the second volume of interest to deform the second volume of interest;

identify or segment relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group in the first deformed volume of interest and the second deformed volume of interest, respectively;

generate a spatially smooth-transition weight mask that gives higher weight to image data corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group; and

generate a final cohesive registered image volume from the first deformed image volume of interest and the second deformed image volume of interest utilizing the spatially smooth-transition weight mask.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask keeps pre-determined deformation constraints on the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask gives an intermediate weight to image data located between regions corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the routines, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to re-determine the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest from the deformed third volume of interest prior to applying the first and second functional-anatomical registration schemes.

14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the routines, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme for the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest based on the predefined organs or anatomical structures within the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, the computer-readable medium comprising processor-executable code that when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:

obtain a functional image volume and a corresponding anatomical image volume from a subject;

determine both a first volume of interest that includes a first group of predefined organs or anatomical structures and a second volume of interest that includes a second group of predefined organs or anatomical structures different from the first group from both the functional image volume and the corresponding anatomical image volume, wherein the first volume of interest at least partially encompasses the second volume of interest;

prior to applying both a first functional-anatomical registration scheme and a second functional-anatomical registration scheme, apply a third dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to a third volume of interest that encompasses both the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest to deform the third volume of interest;

apply both the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the first volume of interest to deform the first volume of interest and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme to the second volume of interest to deform the second volume of interest;

identify or segment relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group in the first deformed volume of interest and the second deformed volume of interest, respectively;

generate a spatially smooth-transition weight mask that gives higher weight to image data corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group; and

generate a final cohesive registered image volume from the first deformed image volume of interest and the second deformed image volume of interest utilizing the spatially smooth-transition weight mask.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask keeps pre-determined deformation constraints on the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the spatially smooth-transition weight mask gives an intermediate weight to image data located between regions corresponding to the identified or segmented relevant organs or anatomical structures related to the first group and the second group.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the processor-executable code, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to determine the first dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme and the second dedicated functional-anatomical registration scheme for the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest based on the predefined organs or anatomical structures within the first volume of interest and the second volume of interest.