Non-isocyanate polyurethane products and methods of making the same
The present disclosure relates to a method for making a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam, where the method includes decomposing a blowing agent having at least one of an amine carbamate salt and/or an amine bicarbonate salt to form a diamine and CO 2 in the presence of a molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups and reacting the diamine with at least a portion of the cyclic carbonate functional groups to form the NIPU foam. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the reacting and the decomposing may occur at substantially the same rate.
1. A method for making a non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foam, the method comprising:
decomposing a blowing agent comprising at least one of an amine carbamate salt or an amine bicarbonate salt to form a diamine and CO 2 in the presence of a molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups; and
reacting the diamine with at least a portion of the cyclic carbonate functional groups to form the NIPU foam.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting and the decomposing occur at substantially the same rate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups is derived from a biomass.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups is derived from at least one of a soybean oil, a linseed oil, or an algae oil.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the molecule comprising a plurality of cyclic carbonate functional groups is produced by carbonating an unsaturated lipid or oil.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NIPU foam has a density between about 0.01 g/cm 3 and about 0.80 g/cm 3 .
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decomposing is accomplished by heating.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the heating is performed by at least one of conductive heating, radiative heating, or radio frequency heating.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the heating results in a temperature between about 50° C. and about 200° C.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diamine comprises between 1 and 10 carbon atoms.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diamine is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted diaminoalkane.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the NIPU foam comprises the structure
wherein:
each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently selected from functional groups comprising at least one of hydrogen or carbon, and
R is a linking group comprising carbon.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the linking group further comprises at least one of nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
R 1 and R 2 taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a lipid residue, and
R 3 and R 4 taken together with the carbons to which they are attached form a lipid residue.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein at least one of the lipid residues is a substituted triglyceride.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one functional group further comprises at least one of a nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur.