Reaction barrier between electrode active material and current collector
Systems and methods are provided for a reaction barrier between an electrode active material and a current collector. An electrode may comprise an active material, a metal foil, and a polymer. The polymer (such as polyamide-imide (PAI)) may be configured to provide a carbonized barrier between the active material and the metal foil after pyrolysis.
1. An electrode, the electrode comprising:
a pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide, wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide comprises a continuous layer top side and a continuous layer bottom side and wherein the continuous layer top side is striated;
an active material layer comprising silicon, wherein an active material layer bottom side of the active material layer is on the continuous layer top side; and
a metal foil comprising a metal foil top side and a metal foil bottom side, wherein the continuous layer bottom side is on the metal foil top side;
wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer provides a silicide reaction barrier between the active material layer and the metal foil that prevents a formation of a silicide.
2. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode is configured as an anode in a lithium-ion battery.
3. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode is configured as a cathode in a lithium-ion battery.
4. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein:
the metal foil comprises copper; and
the silicide reaction barrier prevents a formation of copper silicide.
5. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein:
the metal foil comprises nickel; and
the silicide reaction barrier prevents a formation of nickel silicide.
6. The electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon comprises over 50% by weight of the electrode.
7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide is pyrolyzed at temperatures between 400° C. and 800° C.
8. An electrode comprising:
a metal foil comprising a metal foil top side and a metal foil bottom side;
a pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide comprising a continuous layer top side and a continuous layer bottom side, wherein the continuous layer bottom side is on the metal foil top side and wherein the continuous layer top side is striated; and
an active material layer comprising silicon, an active material layer top side, and an active material layer bottom side, wherein the active material layer bottom side is on the continuous layer top side;
wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer provides a reaction barrier between the metal foil top side and the active material layer bottom side that prevents a formation of a metal-silicon compound.
9. The electrode according to claim 8 , wherein the reaction barrier prevents the silicon of the active material layer from reacting with the metal foil.
10. The electrode according to claim 8 , wherein the reaction barrier prevents the silicon of the active material layer from reacting with the metal foil to form a metal-silicon compound.
11. The electrode according to claim 8 , wherein:
the metal foil comprises copper; and
the reaction barrier prevents the silicon of the active material layer from reacting with the copper of the metal foil to form a copper silicide.
12. The electrode according to claim 8 , wherein the silicon comprises over 50% by weight of the electrode.
13. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide is pyrolyzed at temperatures between 500° C. and 800° C.
14. A battery comprising:
a first electrode comprising:
a metal foil;
a pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide on the metal foil wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide comprises a continuous layer top side that is striated; and
an active material layer comprising silicon,
wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer separates the active material layer from the metal foil and provides a reaction barrier that prevents formation of a silicon-metal compound;
a second electrode;
a separator between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
an electrolyte.
15. The battery according to claim 14 , wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode.
16. The battery according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction barrier prevents the silicon of the active material layer from reacting with the metal foil to form a compound.
17. The battery according to claim 14 , wherein the silicon comprises over 50% by weight of the first electrode.
18. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolyzed continuous layer of polyamide-imide is pyrolyzed at temperatures between 400° C. and 500° C.