CATHETER SYSTEMS AND RELATED METHODS FOR MAPPING, MINIMIZING, AND TREATING CARDIAC FIBRILLATION
Catheters, systems, and related methods for optimized for mapping, minimizing, and treating cardiac fibrillation in a patient, including an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate, wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal, wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate.
1 . A catheter optimized for mapping cardiac fibrillation in a patient, comprising:
an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode,
wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate,
wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and
wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal,
wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate in the patient's heart.
2 . A catheter optimized for assessing efficacy of an ablation procedure in a patient, comprising:
an array of at least one stacked electrode pair, each electrode pair including a first electrode and a second electrode,
wherein each electrode pair is configured to be orthogonal to a surface of a cardiac tissue substrate,
wherein each first electrode is in contact with the surface to record a first signal, and
wherein each second electrode is separated from the first electrode by a distance which enables the second electrode to record a second signal,
wherein the catheter is configured to obtain one or more measurements from at least a first signal and a second signal in response to electrical activity in the cardiac tissue substrate indicative of a number of electrical circuit cores and distribution of the electrical circuit cores for a duration across the cardiac tissue substrate in the patient's heart.