Pulsed neutron logging for petrolithium
Methods, tools, and systems for determining the lithium concentration of a formation traversed by a wellbore using pulsed neutron logging are described. Since determining lithium directly using pulsed neutron logging is problematic, this disclosure provides ways of determining lithium concentration indirectly using models that relate lithium concentration with concentrations of other elements that are predicted to be associated with lithium.
1. A method of determining a concentration of lithium contained within a brine in a formation traversed by a wellbore, the method comprising:
using data from a pulsed neutron logging tool in the wellbore to determine a concentration of one or more proxy elements in the brine, wherein the one or more proxy elements do not comprise lithium, and
using the determined concentration of the one or more proxy elements to determine the concentration of lithium in the brine.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more proxy elements comprise boron or chlorine.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the data comprises a thermal neutron capture energy spectrum.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the determined concentration of the one or more proxy elements to determine the concentration of lithium comprises using a model that models lithium concentration as a function of concentrations of the one or more proxy elements.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a function of two or more proxy elements.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the function is a product of the two or more proxy elements.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the model is determined using a database comprising elemental concentration values determined for brines produced from a plurality of wells, wherein the elemental concentration values for each of the wells comprise concentration values for lithium and concentration values for the one or more proxy elements.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a function of concentrations of the one or more proxy elements combined with fluid sigma.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the fluid sigma for the model is determined based on the database.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein determining the fluid sigma value for the brine comprises:
fitting a dual exponential decay function to the capture time decay spectrum,
using the dual exponential decay function to determine a borehole contribution and a formation contribution to the neutron capture time decay spectrum, and
using the formation contribution to the neutron capture time decay spectrum to determine the fluid sigma value for the brine.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a product of the one or more proxy elements multiplied by the fluid sigma.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a product of the boron concentration times fluid sigma.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising using the neutron capture time decay spectrum to determine a fluid sigma value for the brine.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a product of the boron and the chlorine concentrations.
15. The method of claim 8 , wherein the data from the pulsed neutron logging tool further comprises a neutron capture time decay spectrum.
16. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions for execution by a computer for determining a concentration of lithium contained within a brine in a formation traversed by a wellbore, wherein the instructions are configured to cause the computer to:
receive data generated using a pulsed neutron logging tool in the wellbore,
use the data to determine a concentration of one or more proxy elements in the brine, wherein the one or more proxy elements do not comprise lithium, and
use the determined concentration of the one or more proxy elements to determine the concentration of lithium in the brine.
17. The computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the one or more proxy elements comprise boron or chlorine.
18. The computer-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the data from the pulsed logging tool comprises a thermal neutron capture energy spectrum.
19. The computer-readable medium of claim 16 , further comprising a model that models lithium concentration as a function of concentrations of the one or more proxy elements.
20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the model is determined using a database comprising elemental concentration values determined for brines produced from a plurality of wells, wherein the elemental concentration values for each of the wells comprise concentration values for lithium and concentration values for the one or more proxy elements.
21. The computer-readable medium of claim 19 , wherein the model models lithium concentration as a function of concentrations of the one or more proxy elements combined with fluid sigma.
22. The computer-readable medium of claim 21 , wherein the instructions further configure the computer to use the data to determine a fluid sigma value for the brine.