Method and system for monitoring additive manufacturing processes
This invention teaches a quality assurance system for additive manufacturing. This invention teaches a multi-sensor, real-time quality system including sensors, affiliated hardware, and data processing algorithms that are Lagrangian-Eulerian with respect to the reference frames of its associated input measurements. The quality system for Additive Manufacturing is capable of measuring true in-process state variables associated with an additive manufacturing process, i.e. those in-process variables that define a feasible process space within which the process is deemed nominal. The in-process state variables can also be correlated to the part structure or microstructure and can then be useful in identifying particular locations within the part likely to include defects.
1. An additive manufacturing system, comprising:
a scan head;
a build plane;
a heat source configured to transmit energy through the scan head and toward the build plane;
a first optical sensor configured to receive light emitted by a portion of a layer of metal material positioned on the build plane through the scan head;
a second optical sensor having a fixed field of view relative to the build plane and being configured to receive light emitted by the layer of metal material; and
a processor configured to execute computer code that that causes the additive manufacturing system to carry out an additive manufacturing operation to produce a part, the additive manufacturing operation comprising:
depositing a layer of metal material on the build plane;
melting a portion of the layer of metal material using the heat source;
monitoring an amount of energy emitted by the heat source using both the first and second optical sensors to generate respective first and second datasets;
comparing the first and second datasets with ranges associated with a known-good range of a baseline dataset to determine whether one or more portions of the part may include a manufacturing defect; and
in response to the comparing of the first and second datasets indicating one or more portions of the part may include a manufacturing defect, adjusting the additive manufacturing operation.
2. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein comparing the first and second datasets further comprises normalizing the first and second datasets by adjusting the first dataset to account for light arriving at the first optical sensor being attenuated by the scan head.
3. The additive manufacturing system of claim 2 , wherein the layer of metal material deposited during the additive manufacturing operation is a first layer of metal material and comparing the first and second datasets occurs only after a second layer of metal material is deposited.
4. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein the known-good range of the baseline dataset is determined by destructively testing parts.
5. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein the fixed field of view of the second optical sensor is positioned to include the layer of metal material.
6. The additive manufacturing system of claim 5 , wherein a field of view of the first optical sensor includes a melt pool generated by the heat source.
7. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein the metal material is metal powder.
8. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein the first optical sensor monitors a higher frequency of light than the second optical sensor.
9. The additive manufacturing system of claim 1 , wherein the heat source is a laser.