Stimulus-responsive dynamic liquid crystal elastomers
Compositions, systems and methods for use in monitoring an environment or a formation. The compositions can include electrically conductive material that can be used as a sensor. The sensor can have a non-writeable, writeable, and stimulated state. A first signal is used to induce the non-writeable material into a writeable state. In the writeable state, the electrically conductive material has the capacity for actuation in response to an orthogonal signal. In response to the orthogonal signal, the electrically conductive material then undergoes a conformation or shape change. The conformational or shape change induces a strain or actuation that can be used to generate a signal. The stimulated state can be reversible, and in the absence of the orthogonal signal the electrically conductive material may resume its original shape or conformation.
1. A composition comprising functionalized liquid crystal elastomers comprising a signal receiving element, and a signal generating element, wherein the signal receiving element responds to a first signal to change the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers to a writeable state, and in the writable state, the signal generating element responds to an orthogonal signal to undergo a confirmation change, wherein the confirmation change induces a strain in the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the writable state comprises crosslinks generated at discrete sites between the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers generating a crosslinked functionalized liquid crystal elastomer.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the first signal comprises a lithographically patterned light applied to the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers.
4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the first signal comprises a lithographically patterned electric field.
5. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinked functionalized liquid crystal elastomer responds to the orthogonal signal by changing conformation.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein changing conformation induces a strain in the crosslinked functionalized liquid crystal elastomer.
7. The composition of claim 6 , further comprising a response material, wherein the response material is propagates a readout signal in response to the strain.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the response material is an antenna.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the antenna change in polarization or resonance frequency in response to the strain of the functionalized liquid crystal elastomer.
10. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinked functionalized liquid crystal elastomer is configured to break the crosslink in response to a second signal to generate the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first signal comprises a first light at a first wavelength.
12. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the second signal comprises a second light with a second wavelength.
13. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the second signal comprises heat.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the orthogonal signal comprises an environmental signal.
15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the environmental signal comprises an electric field, a magnetic field, or a third light with a third wavelength, or any combinations thereof.
16. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the environmental signal comprises a change in an electric field, a change in a magnetic field, a change in a light, a change in heat, a change in concentration of a chemical, or a change in concentration of a metabolite, or any combinations thereof.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized liquid crystal elastomers comprise a functionalized 1,4-bis-[4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoyloxy]-2-methylbenzene (RM82).
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the functionalized RM82 is functionalized with methylcoumarin.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the functionalized RM82 is functionalized with anthracene.