Synthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamine-type compounds, methods, and uses
Syntheses of compounds of Formula III from compounds of Formula I via compounds of Formula II are described, as well as particular compounds of Formula III, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, compositions comprising such compounds, and uses thereof. For example, certain of these compounds and compositions of Formula III have uses in the treatment of psychiatric or neurological disorders.
1. A method of synthesizing a compound of Formula III:
wherein:
each x H is independently selected from protium and deuterium;
n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
R 1 is independently selected from —R 3 , —OR 3 , —O(CO)R 3 , —F, —Cl, —Br or —I; and
R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
the method comprising:
reacting a compound of Formula I:
with two or more coupling agents to produce an activated compound, the two or more coupling agents comprising:
a carbodiimide selected from the group consisting of diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), (N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-cyclohexyl-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate (CMCT), and
an additive coupling agent selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxy-7-aza-1H-benzotriazole, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroximino)acetate and 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridine; reacting the activated compound with an amine having the formula (R 2 ) 2 NH to produce a compound of Formula II:
reacting the compound of Formula II with between about 0.8 and about 1.0 equivalents of LiAlH 4 and/or LiAlD 4 to produce a compound of Formula III; and
optionally reacting the compound of Formula III with an acidic reagent to produce
a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula III.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbodiimide is selected from the group consisting of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide and diisopropylcarbodiimide.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbodiimide coupling agent is N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide.HCl.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive coupling agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine, 1-hydroxy-7-aza-1H-benzotriazole, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroximino)acetate and 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive coupling agent is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using between about 1 and about 1.5 equivalents of carbodiimide coupling agent relative to compound of Formula I and between about 1 and about 1.5 equivalents of additive coupling agent relative to compound of Formula I.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising isolating the compound of Formula II.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is dimethylamine.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is methoxy or acetoxy.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one x H is deuterium.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula III is produced at a purity of between 99% and 100% by HPLC.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein n is 0 or 1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting with two or more coupling agents is carried out in a solvent selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc).
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA).
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solvent is dichloromethane (DCM).
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of Formula III comprises two or fewer impurity peaks as determined by HPLC and/or no impurity peak is greater than 0.2% by HPLC.
17. The method of claim 1 of synthesizing a compound of Formula III:
wherein:
each x H is independently selected from protium and deuterium;
n is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
R 1 is independently selected from —R 3 , —OR 3 , —O(CO)R 3 , —F, —Cl, —Br or —I; and
R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
the method comprising:
reacting a compound of Formula I:
with two or more coupling agents to produce an activated compound, the two or more coupling agents comprising:
a carbodiimide selected from the group consisting of diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), (N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and 1-cyclohexyl-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluene sulfonate (CMCT); and
an additive coupling agent selected from the group consisting of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazine, N-hydroxysuccinimide, 1-hydroxy-7-aza-1H-benzotriazole, ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroximino)acetate and 4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)pyridine; and reacting the activated compound with an amine having the formula (R 2 ) 2 NH to produce a compound of Formula II:
reacting the compound of Formula II with between about 0.8 and about 1.0 equivalents of LiAlH 4 and/or LiAlD 4 relative to compound of Formula II to produce a compound of Formula III.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising reacting the compound of Formula III with an acidic reagent to produce a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of Formula III.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the acidic reagent is fumaric acid.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound of Formula III is a fumarate salt of the compound of Formula III.