Augmented and virtual reality display systems with shared display for left and right eyes
A wearable display system includes a light projection system having one or more emissive microdisplays, e.g., micro-LED displays. The light projection system projects time-multiplexed left-eye and right-eye images, which pass through an optical router having a polarizer and a switchable polarization rotator. The optical router is synchronized with the generation of images by the light projection system to impart a first polarization to left-eye images and a second different polarization to right-eye images. Light of the first polarization is incoupled into an eyepiece having one or more waveguides for outputting light to one of the left and right eyes, while light of the second polarization may be incoupled into another eyepiece having one or more waveguides for outputting light to the other of the left and right eyes. Each eyepiece may output incoupled light with variable amounts of wavefront divergence, to elicit different accommodation responses from the user's eyes.
1. A head-mounted display system comprising:
a head-mountable frame;
a light projection system comprising an emissive micro-display, wherein the light projection system is configured to output image light comprising left-eye image light for forming left-eye images time-multiplexed with right-eye image light for forming right-eye images;
a left eyepiece supported by the frame;
a right eyepiece supported by the frame; and
an optical router including a polarizer, a switchable polarization rotator and a polarization-sensitive reflector,
wherein the polarizer is configured to receive the image light from the light projection system and to only output image light with a first polarization state,
wherein the switchable polarization rotator is configured to receive the image light with the first polarization state and to selectively change a polarization state of the received image light to a second polarization state,
wherein the polarization-sensitive reflector is configured to receive the image light from the switchable polarization rotator and to reflect image light having the first polarization state and transmit image light having the second polarization state, and
wherein the optical router is configured to provide, at different times, the left-eye image light to the left eyepiece and the right-eye image light to the right eyepiece.
2. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the electrically-switchable polarization rotator comprises a switchable half-wave plate (HWP).
3. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , further comprising control electronics configured to synchronize:
generation of left-eye image images by the light projection system and routing of the left-eye image light to the left eyepiece by the optical router; and
generation of the right-eye images by the light projection system and routing of the right-eye image light to the right eyepiece by the optical router,
wherein the electrically-switchable polarization rotator is synchronized, by the control electronics, with the light projection system to output left-eye image light with a first polarization state and to output right-eye image light with a second polarization different from the first polarization state.
4. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the polarization-sensitive reflector is configured to:
direct left-eye image light having one of the first and second polarization states towards the left eyepiece; and
direct right-eye image light having the other of the first and second polarization states towards the right eyepiece.
5. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the polarization-sensitive reflector comprises a polarization beam splitter.
6. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the left eyepiece comprises one or more left-eye waveguides forming a left-eye waveguide assembly, each left-eye waveguide comprising:
a left-eye in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple image light into the left-eye waveguide; and
a left-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled image light out of the left-eye waveguide, and
the right eyepiece comprises one or more right-eye waveguides forming a right-eye waveguide assembly, each right-eye waveguide comprising:
a right-eye in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple image light into the right-eye waveguide; and
a right-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled image light out of the right-eye waveguide.
7. The head-mounted display system of claim 6 , wherein the left-eye waveguide assembly is configured to output the in-coupled light with variable amounts of wavefront divergence corresponding to a plurality of depth planes and wherein the right-eye waveguide assembly is configured to output the out-coupled light with variable amounts of wavefront divergence corresponding to the plurality of depth planes.
8. The head-mounted display system of claim 6 , wherein the left-eye waveguide assembly comprises a first stack of waveguides, wherein the right-eye waveguide assembly comprises a second stack of waveguides, wherein the light projection system is configured to output light of a plurality of component colors, wherein each of the left-eye and right-eye waveguide assemblies comprises at least one dedicated waveguide for light of each component color.
9. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the left eyepiece comprises one or more left-eye waveguides, each left-eye waveguide comprising:
a left-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple light having the first polarization state into the left-eye waveguide; and
a left-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled light out of the left-eye waveguide.
10. The head-mounted display system of claim 9 , wherein the right eyepiece comprises:
one or more right-eye waveguides, each right-eye waveguide comprising:
a right-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple light having the second polarization state into the right-eye waveguide; and
a right-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled light out of the right-eye waveguide.
11. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , wherein the emissive micro-display comprises a micro-LED display.
12. The head-mounted display system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of emissive micro-displays, wherein each micro-LED display is a monochromatic and configured to emit light of a component color.
13. The head-mounted display system of claim 12 , further comprising an X-cube prism, wherein each of the emissive micro-LED displays face a different side of the X-cube prism.
14. The head-mounted display system of claim 13 , wherein each micro-LED display comprises an array of light emitters, further comprising a plurality of arrays of light collimators, wherein each micro-display has an associated array of light collimators, and wherein each array of light collimators is configured to capture and reduce an angular emission profile of light from the micro-display.
15. The head-mounted display system of claim 14 , wherein the light collimators comprise micro-lenses.
16. The head-mounted display system of claim 14 , wherein the light collimators comprise nano-lenses.
17. A head-mounted display system comprising:
a head-mountable frame;
a light projection system comprising an emissive micro-display, wherein the light projection system is configured to output image light comprising left-eye image light for forming left-eye images time-multiplexed with right-eye image light for forming right-eye images;
a left eyepiece supported by the frame;
a right eyepiece supported by the frame; and
an optical router configured to:
receive the image light from the light projection system, and
provide, at different times, the left-eye image light to the left eyepiece and the right-eye image light to the right eyepiece,
wherein the left eyepiece comprises one or more left-eye waveguides, each left-eye waveguide comprising:
a left-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple light having the first polarization state into the left-eye waveguide; and
a left-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled light out of the left-eye waveguide,
wherein the right eyepiece comprises one or more right-eye waveguides, each right-eye waveguide comprising:
a right-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element configured to in-couple light having the second polarization state into the right-eye waveguide; and
a right-eye out-coupling optical element configured to out-couple in-coupled light out of the right-eye waveguide, and
wherein the left-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element and the right-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element are disposed in a same image light path.
18. The head-mounted display of claim 17 , further comprising a cleanup polarizer disposed between the left-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element and the right-eye polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element, wherein the cleanup polarizer is configured to:
block light not having a polarization for which the downstream polarization-sensitive in-coupling optical element is configured sensitive.