Rheology modifier for geopolymer foam formulations
The present invention relates to the use of a cationic copolymer as a rheology modifier in a geopolymer foam formulation, a geopolymer foam formulation comprising a cationic copolymer, a process for preparing a geopolymer foam, a geopolymer foam comprising a cationic copolymer and composition for preparing a geopolymer foam formulation.
1. A method of utilizing at least one cationic copolymer (i) as a rheology modifier in a geopolymer foam formulation, the method comprising:
mixing the at least one cationic copolymer (i) with components of the geopolymer foam formulation during the preparation thereof,
wherein the at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprises
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl,
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10,
l in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 2,
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 6
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 , 1, m, Y, and V have the meanings given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a polyoxyalkylene group of the following formula (IIa)
wherein
o in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 300, and
R 3 has the meaning given above.
2. A method of utilizing at least one cationic copolymer (i) as a rheology modifier in a geopolymer foam formulation, the method comprising:
mixing the at least one cationic copolymer (i) with components of the geopolymer foam formulation during the preparation thereof,
wherein the at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprises
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl,
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10,
1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 2,
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 6;
and optionally
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 has the meaning given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is pyrrolidone and/or caprolactam, and
l, m, Y and V are 0 or absent groups.
3. A method of utilizing at least one cationic copolymer (i) as a rheology modifier in a geopolymer foam formulation, the method comprising:
mixing the at least one cationic copolymer (i) with components of the geopolymer foam formulation during the preparation thereof,
wherein the at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprises
10 to 90 mol.-% of at least one cationic structural unit (I) comprising at least one cationic group, and
90 to 10 mol.-% of at least one macromonomeric structural unit (II) comprising at least one polyoxyalkylene group.
4. A geopolymer foam formulation comprising
(i) at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprising
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl,
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10,
l in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 2,
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 6; and optionally
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 , l, m, Y, and V have the meanings given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a polyoxyalkylene group of the following formula (IIa)
wherein
in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 300, and
R 3 has the meaning given above;
(ii) at least one inorganic binder mixture comprising
(iia) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latent hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof, and
(iib) at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures thereof; and
(iii) water.
5. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 4 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of fillers, accelerators, retarders, further rheology modifiers, superplasticizers, fibers, pigments and anionic, further cationic and/or non-ionic surfactants.
6. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 4 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive, which is a surfactant.
7. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 4 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive, which is a further rheology modifier.
8. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 6 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive, which is a non-ionic surfactant.
9. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 6 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive, which is an alkylpolyglucoside surfactant.
10. The geopolymer foam formulation according to claim 7 , wherein the geopolymer foam formulation further comprises at least one additive, which is a further rheology modifier comprising a polymer dispersion formed from ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
11. A process for preparing a geopolymer foam comprising
(1) preparing a geopolymer foam formulation as defined in claim 7 by mixing the at least one cationic copolymer (i) with
(ii) the at least one inorganic binder mixture comprising
(iia) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latent hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof, and
(iib) at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures thereof;
(iii) water; and
(iv) optionally at least one additive; and
(2) foaming of the resulting geopolymer foam formulation by chemical, physical and/or mechanical foaming.
12. A geopolymer foam obtained by the process according to claim 11 .
13. A composition for preparing a geopolymer foam formulation comprising as components
(i) at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprising
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10,
l in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 2,
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 6; and optionally
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 , l, m, Y, and V have the meanings given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a polyoxyalkylene group of the following formula (IIa)
wherein
o in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 1 to 300, and
R 3 has the meaning given above; and
(ii) at least one inorganic binder mixture comprising
(iia) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latent hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof, and
(iib) at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures thereof;
wherein
the components are present separately; or
the components are present in a mixture.
14. The composition according to claim 13 , wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of fillers, accelerators, retarders, further rheology modifiers, superplasticizers, fibers, pigments and anionic, further cationic and/or non-ionic surfactants.
15. A geopolymer foam formulation comprising
(i) at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprising
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl,
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10, from 0 to 2,
l in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 6; and optionally
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 has the meaning given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is pyrrolidone and/or caprolactam, and
l, m, Y and V are 0 or absent groups;
(ii) at least one inorganic binder mixture comprising
(iia) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latent hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof, and
(iib) at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures thereof; and
(iii) water.
16. A composition for preparing a geopolymer foam formulation comprising as components
(i) at least one cationic copolymer (i) comprising
a) 3 to 97 mol-% of a cationic structural unit of formula (I)
wherein
R 1 in each occurrence is the same or different and represents hydrogen and/or methyl,
R 2 in each occurrence is the same or different and is selected from the group consisting of
wherein
R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 in each occurrence are the same or different and each independently represent hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon moiety having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and/or a polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety,
X in each occurrence is the same or different and represents a halogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfate, a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl sulfonate, a C 6 -C 14 -(alkyl)aryl sulfonate and/or a monovalent equivalent of a polyvalent anion, which is selected from a sulfate, a disulfate, a diphosphate, a triphosphate, and/or a polyphosphate, and
n in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 10,
l in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 2,
m in each occurrence is the same or different and represents 0 or 1,
Y in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an absent group, oxygen, NH, and/or NR 3 , and
V in each occurrence is the same or different and represents —(CH 2 ) x —,
wherein
x in each occurrence is the same or different and represents an integer from 0 to 6; and optionally
b) 97 to 3 mol-% of a macromonomeric structural unit of formula (II)
wherein
R 1 has the meaning given above,
R 6 in each occurrence is pyrrolidone and/or caprolactam, and
l, m, Y and V are 0 or absent groups; and
(ii) at least one inorganic binder mixture comprising
(iia) at least one inorganic binder selected from the group consisting of latent hydraulic binders, pozzolanic binders and mixtures thereof, and
(iib) at least one alkaline activator selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal aluminates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures thereof;
wherein
the components are present separately; or
the components are present in a mixture.