Lightweight cemented carbide
Provided is a cemented carbide suitable for use as a material in the manufacture of a punch for metal forming and in particular for the manufacture of metal beverage cans. The cemented carbide may include a hard phase that includes WC, a binder phase and a gamma phase. The gamma phase may include metal carbides in combination with metal nitrides or metal carbonitrides. A quotient of the average grain size of WC/the average grain size of the gamma phase may be in a range of from 0.5 to 1.5.
1. A cemented carbide, comprising:
a hard phase comprising WC, the WC being present in an amount of from 50 to 70 wt. % based on a total weight of the cemented carbide;
a binder phase comprising Co, Ni, Fe, Mo, and Cr, the Cr being present in an amount of from 0.2 wt. % to 0.6 wt. % based on a total weight of the cemented carbide; and
a gamma phase comprising at least one metal carbide in combination with at least one metal nitride and/or metal carbonitride,
wherein a quotient of an average grain size of the WC/an average grain size of the gamma phase is in a range of from 0.5 to 1.5, and
wherein the cemented carbide has a fracture toughness in a range of from 10 MPa m 1/2 to 11 MPa m 1/2 .
2. The cemented carbide according to claim 1 , wherein
the at least one metal carbide comprises anyone or a combination of: TiC, TaC, VC, NbC, ZrC, HfC, Mo 2 C, Cr 2 C 3 ,
the at least one metal nitride comprises anyone or a combination of: TIN, TaN, VN, NbN, ZrN, HfN, WN, MON, CrN, and/or
the metal carbonitride comprises anyone or a combination of: TiCN, TaCN, VCN, NbCN, ZrCN, HfCN, WCN, MoCN, CrCN.
3. The cemented carbide according to claim 1 , wherein the average grain size of the WC is in a range of from 0.5 to 2 μm.
4. The cemented carbide according to claim 1 , wherein the average grain size of the gamma phase is in a range of from 0.5 to 2 μm.
5. The cemented carbide according to claim 1 , wherein the WC is present in an amount of from 50-65 wt. % based on a total weight of the cemented carbide.
6. The cemented carbide according to claim 1 , wherein the Co and the Ni is are present in an amount of from 10-20 wt. % based on a total weight of the cemented carbide.
7. A tool for metal forming or metal cutting, comprising a cemented carbide according to claim 1 .
8. A punch for metal forming, comprising a cemented carbide according to claim 1 .
9. A method of making a cemented carbide comprising a hard phase including WC, a binder phase, and a gamma phase, the method comprising:
preparing a batch of powdered materials comprising WC, the WC being present in an amount of from 50 to 70 wt. % based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials, binder phase constituents comprising Co, Ni, Fe, Mo, and Cr, and gamma phase constituents comprising at least one metal carbide in combination with at least one metal nitride and/or metal carbonitride;
milling the batch of powdered materials;
pressing the milled batch of powdered materials to form a pre-compact; and
sintering the pre-compact,
wherein in the sintered pre-compact, a quotient of an average grain size of the WC/an average grain size of the gamma phase is in a range of from 0.5 to 1.5,
wherein the Cr is present in the cemented carbide in an amount of from 0.2 wt. % to 0.6 wt. % based on a total weight of the cemented carbide, and
wherein the cemented carbide has a fracture toughness in a range of from 10 MPa m 1/2 to 11 MPa m 1/2 .
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the WC is present in the batch of powdered materials in an amount of from 50 to 65 wt. % based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one metal carbide comprises anyone or a combination of: TiC, TaC, VC, NbC, ZrC, HfC, the at least one metal nitride comprises anyone or a combination of: TIN, TaN, VN, NbN, ZrN, HfN, and/or the metal carbonitride comprises anyone or a combination of: TiCN, TaCN, VCN, NbCN, ZrCN, HfCN.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the gamma phase constituents in the batch of powdered materials comprise TiC, NbC, TaC, TiN and/or TICN.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the batch of powdered materials further comprises Cr 3 C 2 and/or Mo 2 C.
14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the batch of powdered materials comprises in wt. %:
55-59 of the WC based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
10-14 of TiC based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
8-12 of NbC based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
5-13 of the Co based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
0.1-1.0 of Cr 3 C 2 based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
1-9 of the Ni based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
0.1-1.0 of Mo 2 C based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials;
0.5-2.5 of TaC based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials; and
1-7 of TiCN and/or 1-5 of TiN based on a total weight of the batch of powdered materials.
15. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the gamma phase constituents comprise pre-alloyed metal carbides, and metal nitrides and/or metal carbonitrides.