Silica-based matting agents and methods of making and using the same
Improved silica-based matting agents are disclosed. The matting agents are useful in waterborne coatings composition to provide exceptional properties to a wood based substrate. Films resulting from the silica-based matting agents on a wood substrate unexpectedly provide improved chemical resistance and/or film clarity to the surface of the wood substrate. Methods of making and using the silica-based matting agents are also disclosed.
1. A matting agent for aqueous coating compositions comprising composite silica particles, wherein the composite silica particles have a total pore volume of less than 0.20 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method and a final particle surface area of less than about 10 m 2 /g as determined by Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method, said composite silica particles comprising:
(a) porous silica particles; and
(b) one or more waxes in an amount sufficient to at least partially fill pores of the porous silica particles.
2. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 0.20 cc/g to about 2.50 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method.
3. The matting agent of claim 2 , wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 15.0 wt % to less than about 65.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles.
4. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein the porous silica particles have an initial particle surface area of from about 100 m 2 /g to about 1000 m 2 /g as determined by the BET nitrogen adsorption method.
5. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein
(a) the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 1.70 cc/g to about 2.20 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 55.0 wt % to about 65.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles; or
(b) the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 1.20 cc/g to about 1.70 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 45.0 wt % to about 55.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles; or
(c) wherein the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 1.00 cc/g to about 1.20 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 35.0 wt % to about 45.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles; or
(d) wherein the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 0.60 cc/g to about 1.00 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 25.0 wt % to about 35.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles; or
(e) wherein the porous silica particles have an initial pore volume of from about 0.30 cc/g to about 0.60 cc/g as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, wherein said composite silica particles comprise from about 15.0 wt % to about 25.0 wt % of said one or more waxes, based on a total weight of said composite silica particles.
6. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein said composite silica particles have a total pore volume of less than or equal to about 0.19 cc/g, as determined by the RIH method.
7. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein said composite silica particles have a final particle surface area of from about 5.4 m 2 /g to about 9.0 m 2 /g, as determined by the BET nitrogen adsorption method.
8. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein said porous silica particles comprise silica gel, precipitated silica or fumed silica particles.
9. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein said porous silica particles have a median particle size of from about 1.0 micron (μm) to about 50.0 μm.
10. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein said composite silica particles are free-flowing particles.
11. The matting agent of claim 1 , wherein when incorporated into a coating composition and applied onto a plain, smooth and non-penetrating black chart, enables the coating composition to form a clear coat film having a 60° gloss value between about 5.0 and about 25.0, as measured using a portable Micro-TRI-Gloss meter, wherein
(a) the clear coat film exhibits a water damage 24 hr ΔL* of less than 6.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(b) the clear coat film exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 24 hr ΔL* of less than 6.5 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(c) the clear coat film exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 1 hr ΔL* of less than 4.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(d) the clear coat film exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 4 hr ΔL* of less than 4.5 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(e) the clear coat film exhibits a film clarity ΔL* of less than 7.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter.
12. The matting agent of claim 1 , when incorporated into a coating composition and applied onto a substrate, enables the coating composition to exhibit a film clarity ΔL* of less than 7.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter.
13. A coating composition comprising the matting agent of claim 1 .
14. The coating composition of claim 13 , wherein
(a) said coating composition comprises an aqueous composition, and/or
(b) said coating composition comprises up to about 50 wt % of said matting agent, based on a total weight of said coating composition, and/or
(c) wherein said coating composition, when applied onto a plain, smooth and non-penetrating black chart, forms a film having a 60° gloss value of from about 5.0 to about 25.0, as measured using a portable Micro-TRI-Gloss meter, and/or
(d) wherein the film of (c) exhibits a water damage 24 hr ΔL* of less than 6.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(e) wherein the film of (c) or (d) exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 24 hr ΔL* of less than 6.5 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(f) wherein the film of (c) or (d) exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 1 hr ΔL* of less than 4.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(g) wherein the film of (c) or (d) exhibits a 50/50 water/ethanol damage 4 hr ΔL* of less than 4.5 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter, and/or
(h) wherein the film of (c) or (d) exhibits a film clarity ΔL* of less than 7.0 units, as measured using a portable Spectro-Guide 45/0 colorimeter.
15. A substrate coated with the coating composition of claim 13 , wherein said substrate comprises a wood substrate.
16. A method of preparing the matting agent of claim 1 , said method comprising:
contacting porous silica particles with the one or more waxes so as to form the composite silica particles having a total pore volume of less than 0.20 cc/g as determined by the BJH method and a final particle surface area of less than 10.0 meters squared per gram (m 2 /g) as determined by Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said contacting step comprises:
(a) dissolving or dispersing one or more waxes in a solvent to form a suspension or dispersion;
incorporating the porous silica particles into the suspension or dispersion; and
removing the solvent from the suspension or dispersion to form the composite silica particles; or
wherein said contacting step comprises:
melting one or more waxes to form a molten liquid; and
incorporating the porous silica particles into the molten liquid to form the composite silica particles; or
wherein said contacting step comprises:
simultaneously mixing or milling (a) one or more waxes, and (b) the porous silica particles with heat to form the composite silica particles, and/or
(b) reducing the particle size of the composite silica particles to obtain composite silica particles having a final particle size of less than 100 microns (μm), optionally further comprising:
forming composite silica particles having a first particle size of less than about 500 microns (μm);
heat treating the composite silica particles at an elevated temperature for a heat treatment period of time;
allowing the heat-treated composite silica particles to cool; and
milling the heat-treated composite silica particles so as to result in a final particle size of less than about 100 μm;
wherein the composite silica particles are heat treated at an elevated temperature ranging from about 90° C. to about 140° C., and the heat treatment period of time ranges from about 1.0 hour (hr) to about 4.0 hr.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said reducing step results in composite silica particles having a final particle size of less than about 45.0 μm.
19. A method of improving chemical resistance of a waterborne composition applied to a wood substrate, said method comprising: incorporating the matting agent of claim 1 into the coating composition; applying the coating composition onto at least one surface of a wood substrate to form a coating; and drying the coating to form a film on at least one surface of the wood substrate, optionally wherein said film is a clear coat film.