Methods for production of mannosylerythritol lipids
The subject invention provides improved methods for producing mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) using yeasts not previously known to produce MEL. In particular, Meyerozyma guilliermondii ( Pichia guilliermondii ) is cultivated in a specially-tailored nutrient medium and under cultivation conditions such that the yeast unnaturally produces MEL and/or MEL-like molecules in greater amounts and at increased rates than when using standard MEL production with, for example, Pseudozyma aphidis . Yeast culture compositions are also provided, comprising yeast cells, growth medium, and high concentrations of MEL.
1. A method for producing a mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), the method comprising:
a) inoculating an initial nutrient medium with a Meyerozyma guilliermondii yeast to produce a yeast culture comprising yeast cells and medium;
b) cultivating the yeast culture at a first temperature and a first pH favorable for accumulation of yeast cell biomass;
c) altering the initial nutrient medium, the first cultivation temperature and the first cultivation pH; and
d) continuing to cultivate the yeast culture, wherein the alterations in nutrient medium, temperature and pH influence the yeast to produce the MEL in the yeast culture;
wherein the initial nutrient medium comprises glucose and sources of proteins, amino acids, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and/or carbon;
wherein said first temperature is about 25° C. to 30° C. and said first pH is about 5.5 to 7.0; and wherein c) comprises:
supplementing the nutrient medium with a sugar alcohol and/or mannose,
replacing the glucose with a source of fatty acids,
lowering the first cultivation temperature to a second temperature of about 23° C. to 25° C., and
lowering the first pH to a second pH of about 3.5 to 4.0.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein cultivation of the yeast culture in b) is performed for 1 to 7 days.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the continued cultivation of the yeast culture in d) is performed for 1 to 7 days.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the initial nutrient medium comprises glucose, ammonium nitrate, potassium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, magnesium sulfate monohydrate, calcium chloride monohydrate, and, optionally, one or both of soybean oil and mannose.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sugar alcohol is selected from the group consisting of erythritol, mannitol, arabitol, and ribitol.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the sugar alcohol is erythritol.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of fatty acids is one or more of soybean oil, canola oil, safflower oil, olive oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, or another vegetable or plant-based oil.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of fatty acids is soybean oil.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yeast produces MEL in the yeast culture in the form of a foamy layer on top of the medium.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising extracting the MEL from the yeast culture and, optionally, purifying the MEL.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the MEL comprises one or more of a MEL molecule and/or an isomer thereof, and/or a MEL-like molecule.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the MEL molecule and/or isomer thereof is a MEL A (di-acetylated), MEL B (mono-acetylated at C4), MEL C (mono-acetylated at C6), MEL D (non-acetylated), tri-acetylated MEL A, and/or tri-acetylated MEL B/C.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the MEL-like molecule is an oleic acid ethyl ester, a mannosyl-mannitol lipid (MML), a mannosyl-arabitol lipid (MAL), or a mannosyl-ribitol lipid (MRL).