Slow release fertilizing composition, and process for producing the same
A slow release fertilizer composition includes particles of a nitrogen fertilizer coated with at least one layer having at least one polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), the at least one layer having an average thickness between 1 μm and 200 μm. The relative production process is also described. The slow release fertilizer composition provides for the use of biodegradable and biocompatible materials that allow a slow release of the fertilizer in the culture medium, according to the current regulations, without causing the accumulation of products which are harmful for the environment.
1. A slow release fertilizer composition comprising particles of a nitrogen fertilizer coated with at least one layer comprising at least one polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), said at least one layer having an average thickness comprised between 1 μm and 200 μm, wherein the layer comprising at least one PHA is further coated by at least one sealing layer, wherein the sealing layer comprises PHA, mixed with the cellular residue deriving from the microbial fermentation with which the PHA is produced.
2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen fertilizer particles have an average size comprised between 0.5 mm and 20 mm.
3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the PHA is present in an amount comprised between 0.5% and 15% by weight, with respect to the weight of the fertilizer.
4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is water soluble and is selected from: urea, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, mixtures of fertilizers N:P:K, or mixtures thereof.
5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the PHA is a polymer containing repetitive units of formula (I):
—O—CHR 1 —(CH 2 ) n —CO— (I)
where:
R 1 is chosen among: alkyls C 1 -C 12 , cycloalkyls C 4 -C 16 , alkenyls C 2 -C 12 , optionally substituted with at least one group chosen from: halogen (F, Cl, Br), —CN, —OH, —OOH, —OR, —COOR (R═C 1 -C 4 alkyl, benzyl);
n is zero or an integer from 1 to 6.
6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the PHA is a homopolymer, or a copolymer, or a terpolymer.
7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the layer comprising at least one PHA has a substantially constant thickness.
8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the layer comprising at least one PHA further comprises at least one adhesive agent.
9. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein said at least one adhesive agent is selected from: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), pectin, sulfonated lignin, or mixtures thereof.
10. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein said at least one adhesive agent is selected from: fatty acids C 6 -C 26 , saturated or unsaturated, and their glycerides (monoglycerides, diglycerides or triglycerides), and mixtures thereof.
11. The composition according to claim 8 , wherein the adhesive agent is added in an amount comprised between 0.05% w/w and 5% w/w, with respect to the weight of the PHA.
12. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the sealing layer comprises a polysaccharide selected from: ethylcellulose, chitosan, pectin or mixtures thereof.
13. A process for producing a slow release fertilizer composition according to claim 1 , the process including the following steps:
introducing a quantity of particles of a nitrogen fertilizer into a device adapted to keep said particles in motion;
spraying an aqueous suspension of at least one PHA inside the device, so as to deposit said aqueous suspension on the surface of the moving particles; and
drying the moving particles on which the aqueous suspension has been deposited, so as to obtain the layer comprising at least one PHA;
wherein between the step of spraying and that of drying, a step is comprised of spraying an aqueous suspension or solution of a sealant inside the device, so as to deposit said aqueous suspension or solution on the surface of the moving particles coated with said at least one PHA;
wherein the sealant comprises PHA, mixed with the cellular residue deriving from the microbial fermentation with which the PHA is produced.
14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the device adapted to keep said particles in motion is a fluid-bed device or a basket that rotates around an axis.
15. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the step of spraying is carried out at a temperature comprised between 20° C. and 80° C.