Processes and compounds

1. A process of preparing a compound of formula (VIII)

comprising the reduction of a compound of formula (VII)

wherein said compound of formula (VII) is prepared by a reductive amination of a compound of formula (VI)

in the presence of a compound of formula (f)

wherein said compound of formula (VI) is prepared by contacting a compound of formula (V)

with a chiral acid to form an enantiomerically enriched salt, crystallizing the enantiomerically enriched salt, and freeing the compound of formula (VI),

wherein said compound of formula (V) is prepared by treatment of a compound of formula (IV) with an acid, base, or reducing agent;

wherein said compound of formula (IV) is prepared by reduction of a compound of formula (III)

wherein said compound of formula (III) is prepared by the coupling of a compound of formula (I)

with a compound of formula (II)

and wherein P 1 is H, or a phenol protecting group; R b is H or Et; P 2 is (C═O)—CH 3 ; X is a halogen, transition metal or boron-containing compound; and X′ is a halogen, transition metal-containing function or boron-containing function; and wherein said X and X′ are suitable for cross-coupling of compound (I) with compound (II).

2. A process of preparing a compound of formula (VIII):

comprising the reduction of a compound of formula (VII):

wherein P 1 is H or a phenol protecting group, and wherein the compound of formula (VID) is prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula (f):

with a compound of formula (VI)

in the presence of a reducing agent wherein R b is H or Et.

3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reduction of a compound of formula (VII) is conducted in the presence of AlH 3 , AlH 2 Cl, AlHCl 2 , NaBH 4 , LiAlH 4 , LiBH 4 , LiEt 3 BH, BH 3 , BH 3 ·THF, CH 3 CH 2 C(O)OBH 3 Na, Zn(OAc) 2 /(EtO) 3 SiH, Mg/TiCL 4 , (HBpin)/tris(4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolinyl)phenylborateMgMe or combinations thereof.

4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent for the production of a compound of formula (VII) is NaBH(OAc) 3 .

5. The process of claim 2 , further comprising a process for increasing the enantiomer excess of a compound of formula (VI):

comprising contacting a compound of formula (V) with a chiral acid to form an enantiomerically enriched salt,

crystallizing the enantiomerically enriched salt, and freeing the compound of formula (VI).

6. The process of claim 5 , wherein said enantiomeric excess of the compound of formula (VI) is >50%.

7. The process of claim 5 , wherein said process uses a (+) or (−) chiral acid selected from Aspartic acid, O-Acetyl-Mandelic acid, cis-2-Benzamidocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 1,1′-Binapthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogen phosphate, Camphoric acid, 10-Camphorsulfonic acid, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, Dibenzoyl-Tartaric acid, Diacetyl-tartaric acid, Di-p-toluoyl-tartaric acid, N-(3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl)-a-phenylglycine, Diacetyl-tartaric anhydride, Diacetyl-tartaric acid, Glutamic acid, Malic acid, Mandelic acid, N-(α-methylbenzyl) phthalamic acid, 2-(6-Methoxy-2-napthyl) propionic acid, Pyroglutamic acid, Quinic acid and Tartaric acid, or combinations thereof.

8. The process of claim 5 , further comprising a process of preparing a compound of formula (V):

comprising the reaction of a compound of formula (IV):

with an acid, base, nucleophile or reducing agent wherein P 2 is an amino-protecting group.

9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the compound of formula (IV) is treated with a hydride-containing reducing agent.

10. The process of claim 8 wherein R b is H; and P 2 is an amino-protecting group and the compound according to formula (IV) is treated with an acid, base or nucleophile.

11. The process of claim 8 , further comprising a process of preparing a compound of formula (IV):

comprising the reduction of a compound of formula (III):

in the presence of a reducing agent.

12. The process of claim 11 , wherein P 1 is H, or a phenol protecting group selected from (C═O)—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)-aryl, (C═O)-heteroaryl, Si(C 1 -C 5 alkyl) 3 , Si(aryl) 2 (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) or CH 2 Aryl; and P 2 is H, Et, (C═O)—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)-aryl, (C═O)-heteroaryl, (C═O)—O—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)—O-aryl, (C═O)—O-heteroaryl, (C═O)—O—C 1 -C 8 alkylaryl, or —(C═O—(CH 2 ) n —C═O), wherein each n is independently an integer of 2 or 3.

13. The process of claim 11 , further comprising a process of preparing a compound of formula (III):

comprising the reaction of a compound of formula (I):

with a compound of formula (II):

in the presence of a base and a transition metal catalyst;

wherein

X is a halogen, transition metal or boron-containing compound; and

X′ is a halogen, transition metal-containing function or boron-containing function, wherein said X and X′ are suitable for cross-coupling of compound (I) with compound (II).

14. The process of claim 13 , wherein P 1 is H, or a phenol protecting group selected from (C═O)—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)-aryl, (C═O)-heteroaryl, Si(C 1 -C 5 alkyl) 3 , Si(aryl) 2 (C 1 -C 5 alkyl) and CH 2 Aryl;

P 2 is H, Et, (C═O)—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)-aryl, (C═O)-heteroaryl, (C═O)—O—C 1 -C 8 alkyl, (C═O)—O-aryl, (C═O)—O-heteroaryl, (C═O)—O—C 1 -C 8 alkylaryl, or (C═O—(CH 2 ) n —C═O)—;

X is B(OR) 2 , B(—O—(C(R a ) 2 ) n —O—), Cl, Br, I, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 (aryl);

X′ is B(OR) 2 , B(—O—(C(R a ) 2 ) n —O—), Cl, Br, I, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 (aryl);

each R is independently H, C 1-3 alkyl or aryl;

each R a is independently C 1-3 alkyl or aryl; and

each n is independently an integer of 2 or 3,

wherein when X is B(OR) 2 or B(—O—(C(R a ) 2 ) n —O—), X′ is Cl, Br, I, OSO 2 CF 3 or OSO 2 (aryl).

15. The process of claim 13 , conducted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd(OAc) 2 , Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 , Pd(dppf)Cl 2 , Pd 2 (Dba) 3 , Cu(0), Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 , and any combinations thereof.

16. The process of claim 13 , wherein the compounds of formulas (I), (II) and (III) are (a), (aa′) and (b):