PREDICTIVE TEST FOR IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY STAGE NSCLC STAGE PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF RECURRENCE AFTER SURGERY
A method for predicting whether an early stage (IA, IB) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient is at a high risk of recurrence of the cancer following surgery involves subjecting a blood-based sample from the patient (obtained prior to, at, or after the surgery) to mass spectrometry and classification with a computer implementing a classifier. If the patients blood sample is classified as “high risk”, highest risk“or the equivalent, the patient can be guided to more aggressive treatment post-surgery. The classifier, or combination of classifiers, can be arranged in a hierarchical manner to make intermediate classifications, such as intermediate/high or intermediate/low, as well as low risk” or “lowest risk” classifications. Such additional classifications may guide clinical decisions as well.
1 . A method for detecting a class label in an early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patient needing surgery to treat the cancer, comprising the steps of:
(a) conducting mass spectrometry on a blood-based sample obtained from the patient and obtaining integrated intensity values in the mass spectral data of a multitude of pre-determined mass-spectral features, and
(b) operating on the mass spectral data with a programmed computer implementing a classifier, wherein the programmed computer performs a hierarchical classification procedure on the mass spectrometry data, including a first classifier (Classifier A) producing a class label in the form of high risk or low risk or the equivalent, and if the Classifier A produces the high risk label the sample is classified by a second classifier (Classifier B) generating a classification label of highest risk or high/intermediate risk or the equivalent, and
wherein in the operating step the classifier compares the integrated intensity values obtained in step (a) with feature values of a reference set of class-labeled mass spectral data obtained from blood-based samples obtained from a multitude of other early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients with a classification algorithm and detects a class label for the sample in accordance with the hierarchical classification schema relating to the risk of the cancer recurring in said patient after surgery.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the programmed computer stores a reference set of mass spectrometry data used for classification by classifiers A and B obtained from blood-based samples obtained from a multitude of early stage non-small-cell cancer patients, and wherein the mass spectrometry data includes integrated intensity values for features listed in Appendix A.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the programmed computer implements a hierarchical classifier schema including a third classifier (Classifier C) wherein if the classifier A produces a “low risk” classification label the sample is classified by the third classifier C and wherein classifier C produces a class label of lowest risk or low/intermediate risk or the equivalent.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein classifiers A, B and C are combined in a four-way hierarchical schema as shown in FIG. 3 .
5 . The method of claim 3 , wherein classifiers A, B and C are combined in a three-way hierarchical schema as shown in FIG. 14 .
6 . The method of claim 4 , wherein each of the classifiers A, B and C comprise a combination of a multitude of master classifiers each developed from a different separation of a development sample set used to generate classifiers A, B and C into training and test sets.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood-based sample is obtained before surgery to treat the cancer.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood-based sample is obtained after surgery to treat the cancer and wherein the reference set of class-labeled mass spectral data obtained from blood-based samples obtained from a multitude of other early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients after surgery to treat the cancer.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising performing steps (a) and (b) on blood-based samples of the patient obtained before and after surgery to treat the cancer.
10 . A method for performing a risk assessment of recurrence of cancer in an early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patient; comprising the steps of:
performing mass spectrometry on a blood-based sample obtained from the patient and obtaining mass spectrometry data, and
in a programmed computer, performing a hierarchical classification procedure on the mass spectrometry data wherein the computing machine implements a hierarchical classifier schema including a first classifier (Classifier A) producing a class label in the form of high risk or low risk or the equivalent, and if the Classifier A produces the high risk label the sample is classified by a second classifier (Classifier B) generating a classification label of highest risk or high/intermediate risk or the equivalent, wherein if Classifier B produces the label of highest risk or the equivalent the patient is predicted to have a high risk of recurrence of the cancer following surgery.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the programmed computer stores a reference set of mass spectrometry data used for classification by classifiers A and B obtained from blood-based samples obtained from a multitude of early stage non-small-cell cancer patients, and wherein the mass spectrometry data includes feature values for features listed in Appendix A.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the computing machine implements a hierarchical classifier schema including a third classifier (Classifier C) wherein if the classifier A produces a “low risk” classification label the sample is classified by the third classifier C and wherein classifier C produces a class label of lowest risk or low/intermediate risk or the equivalent.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein classifiers A, B and C are combined in a four-way hierarchical schema as shown in FIG. 3 .
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein classifiers A, B and C are combined in a three-way hierarchical schema as shown in FIG. 14 .
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein each of the classifiers A, B and C comprise a combination of a multitude of master classifiers each developed from a different separation of a development sample set used to generate classifiers A, B and C into training and test sets.
16 . A programmed computer making a prediction of the risk of recurrence of cancer in an early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patient from a blood-based sample obtained from the patient, comprising a processing unit and a memory storing code and classifier parameters such that the computer is configured as a hierarchical classifier as per FIG. 3 or FIG. 14 combining classifiers A, B and C, the memory further storing a reference set of mass spectral data from blood-based samples obtained from a multitude of early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients for use in classification of the blood-based sample including feature values of the features listed in Appendix A.
17 . The programmed computer of claim 16 , wherein:
Classifier A is defined by parameters such that it generates a class label of high risk or the equivalent and low risk or the equivalent;
Classifier B is used to classify a sample previously classified as high risk or the equivalent by Classifier A, and is defined by parameters such that it generates a class label of highest risk or the equivalent and an intermediate classification or the equivalent; and wherein
Classifier C is used to classify a sample previously classified as low risk or the equivalent by Classifier A, and is defined by parameters such that it generates a class label of lowest risk or the equivalent and an intermediate classification or the equivalent.
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31 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood-based sample obtained from the patient is a pre-surgery blood-based sample, wherein the integrated intensity values in the mass spectral data of a multitude of pre-determined mass-spectral features are as listed in Appendix A, wherein:
(1) the mass spectrum of the sample is classified with a computer-based classifier developed from a set of blood-based samples obtained from other early stage NSCLC patients, the classifier producing a label of high or highest risk of recurrence or the equivalent and low or lowest risk of recurrence or the equivalent;
(2) wherein, if the sample is not classified as high or highest risk of recurrence in accordance with the classification produced in step (1), obtaining a further blood-based sample from the patient after the surgery and conducting mass spectrometry on the blood-based sample including obtaining integrated intensity values of the features listed in Appendix A; and
(3) classifying the mass spectrum of the sample obtained in (2) in accordance with a computer-based classifier developed from a set of blood-based samples obtained from other early stage NSCLC patients after surgery, wherein the classifier (3) generates a class label of either G1 or the equivalent or G2 or the equivalent, with G2 class label associated with a prediction that the patient will have a lower risk of recurrence as compared to risk of recurrence associated with the class label G1.
32 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising guiding treatment of patients based on the class label developed in (3).
33 . A method for guiding treatment of an early stage non-small-cell lung cancer patient comprising:
(A) detecting a class label in the patient comprising the steps of:
(i) conducting mass spectrometry on a pre-surgery blood-based sample obtained from the patient and obtaining integrated intensity values in the mass spectral data of a multitude of pre-determined mass-spectral features shown in Appendix A, wherein the mass spectrum of the sample is classified with a computer-based classifier developed from a set of blood-based samples obtained from other early stage NSCLC patients, the classifier producing a label of high or highest risk of recurrence or the equivalent and low or lowest risk of recurrence or the equivalent;
(ii) wherein, if the sample is not classified as high or highest risk of recurrence in accordance with the classification produced in step (i), obtaining a further blood-based sample from the patient after the surgery and conducting mass spectrometry on the blood-based sample including obtaining integrated intensity values of the features listed in Appendix A; and
(iii) classifying the mass spectrum of the sample obtained in (ii) in accordance with a computer-based classifier developed from a set of blood-based samples obtained from other early stage NSCLC patients after surgery, wherein the classifier (iii) generates a class label of either G1 or the equivalent or G2 or the equivalent, with G2 class label associated with a prediction that the patient will have a lower risk of recurrence as compared to risk of recurrence associated with the class label G1; and
(B) guiding treatment of the patient based on the class label developed in step (A)(iii).
34 . The method of claim 33 , wherein the treatment based on the class label includes adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or more close follow-up and observation.