DUAL-POLARIZED RADIATING ELEMENTS FOR BASE STATION ANTENNAS HAVING BUILT-IN STALK FILTERS THAT BLOCK COMMON MODE RADIATION PARASITICS
An antenna includes a radiator and a feed stalk electrically coupled by first and second feed paths to the radiator. The feed stalk includes a common-mode rejection filter, which has first and second ports electrically connected to the first and second feed paths, a first inductor electrically coupled to the first port and a second inductor electrically coupled to the second port. The common-mode rejection filter is configured so that a first impedance electrically coupled to the first port is equivalent to Z 1 , and a second impedance electrically coupled to the second port is equivalent to Z 2 , where: Z 1 =R 1 +jωL+jωM(I 2 /I 1 ); Z 2 =R 2 +jωL 2 +jωM(I 1 /I 2 ); M≈L 1 ≈L 2 ; R 1 and R 2 are the resistances of the first and second inductors; L 1 and L 2 are the inductances of the first and second inductors; M is a mutual inductance between the first and second inductors; I 1 and I 2 are the first and second currents into the first and second ports; and ω is the angular frequency of the first and second currents.
1 . An antenna, comprising:
a radiator including first and second radiator arms supported in front of a substrate by a feed stalk, said feed stalk comprising a first feed path electrically coupled to the first radiator arm, a second feed path electrically coupled to the second radiator arm, and a common-mode rejection filter having first and second ports electrically connected to the first and second feed paths, respectively.
2 . The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the common-mode rejection filter comprises a pair of mutually-coupled inductors therein.
3 . The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors are positioned intermediate a base and distal end of the feed stalk.
4 . The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors comprises a first inductor having a first current carrying terminal electrically coupled to the first port of the common-mode rejection filter, and a second inductor having a first current carrying terminal electrically coupled to the second port of the common-mode rejection filter.
5 . The antenna of claim 3 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board having patterned metallization on first and second opposing sides thereof; and wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors are at least partially defined by the patterned metallization on the first and second opposing sides of the printed circuit board.
6 . The antenna of claim 3 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board; wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors includes a first inductor and a second inductor; wherein the first inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a first side of the printed circuit board; and wherein the second inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a second side of the printed circuit board, opposite the first side.
7 . The antenna of claim 6 , wherein the first feed path is electrically connected to the first inductor; and wherein the second feed path is electrically connected by a plated through-hole in the printed circuit board to the second inductor.
8 . The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board having patterned metallization on first and second opposing sides thereof; and wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors are at least partially defined by the patterned metallization on the first and second opposing sides of the printed circuit board.
9 . The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board; wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors includes a first inductor and a second inductor; wherein the first inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a first side of the printed circuit board; and wherein the second inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a second side of the printed circuit board, opposite the first side.
10 . The antenna of claim 9 , wherein the first feed path is electrically connected to the first inductor; and wherein the second feed path is electrically connected by a plated through-hole to the second inductor.
11 . The antenna of claim 4 , wherein the common-mode rejection filter is configured so that a first impedance electrically coupled to the first port is equivalent to Z 1 , and a second impedance electrically coupled to the second port is equivalent to Z 2 , where: Z 1 =R 1 +jωL 1 +jωM(I 2 /I 1 ); Z 2 =R 2 +jωL 2 +jωM(I 1 /I 2 ); R 1 and R 2 are the resistances of the first inductor and the second inductor, respectively; L 1 and L 2 are the inductances of the first inductor and the second inductor, respectively; M is a mutual inductance between the first and second inductors; I 1 and I 2 are the first and second currents into the first and second ports, respectively; and ω is the angular frequency of the first and second currents.
12 .- 23 . (canceled)
24 . An antenna, comprising:
a radiator; and
a feed stalk comprising a common-mode rejection filter having first and second ports electrically connected to first and second radiating elements within said radiator, respectively.
25 . The antenna of claim 24 , wherein the common-mode rejection filter comprises a pair of mutually-coupled inductors therein.
26 . The antenna of claim 25 , wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors are disposed intermediate a top and bottom of the feed stalk.
27 . The antenna of claim 25 , wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors comprises a first inductor having a first current carrying terminal electrically coupled to the first port of the common-mode rejection filter, and a second inductor having a first current carrying terminal electrically coupled to the second port of the common-mode rejection filter.
28 .- 30 . (canceled)
31 . The antenna of claim 25 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board having patterned metallization on first and second opposing sides thereof; and wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors are at least partially defined by the patterned metallization on the first and second opposing sides of the printed circuit board.
32 . The antenna of claim 25 , wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board; wherein the pair of mutually-coupled inductors includes a first inductor and a second inductor; wherein the first inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a first side of the printed circuit board; and wherein the second inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a second side of the printed circuit board, opposite the first side.
33 . The antenna of claim 32 , wherein the first feed path is electrically connected to the first inductor and the second feed path is electrically connected by a plated through-hole to the second inductor.
34 .- 35 . (canceled)
36 . An antenna, comprising:
a radiator electrically coupled to respective first and second ports of a common-mode rejection filter disposed in a feed signal path of the antenna, said common-mode rejection filter configured so that a first impedance therein, which is electrically coupled to the first port, is equivalent to Z 1 , and a second impedance therein, which is electrically coupled to the second port, is equivalent to Z 2 , where: Z 1 =R 1 +jωL 1 +jωM(I 2 /I 1 ), Z 2 =R 2 +jωL 2 +jωM(I 1 /I 2 ); M≈L 1 ≈L 2 ; R 1 and R 2 are the resistances of a first inductor and a second inductor, respectively; L 1 and L 2 are the inductances of the first inductor and the second inductor, respectively; M is a mutual inductance between the first and second inductors; I 1 and I 2 are the first and second currents into the first and second ports, respectively; the expression “≈” designates an equality within ±10%; and ω is the angular frequency of the first and second currents.
37 .- 38 . (canceled)
39 . The antenna of claim 36 , wherein said common-mode rejection filter is integrated into a feed stalk, which is electrically coupled to said radiator; wherein the feed stalk comprises a printed circuit board; wherein the first inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a first side of the printed circuit board; and wherein the second inductor is at least partially defined by patterned metallization on a second side of the printed circuit board, opposite the first side.
40 .- 44 . (canceled)