Bacterial control through dispersion of bacteriophage powders
A method of eliminating, reducing or preventing bacterial contamination of a surface, the method comprising dispersing a bacteriophage containing composition in air in proximity to the surface. In some embodiments, the bacteriophage containing composition is a powder dispersed by pressurizing a load chamber containing the powder so that the powder is expelled through an outlet. Also, devices for performing the method and a powder used in the method.
1. A method using bacteriophages for at least partially disinfecting a surface exposed to air, the method comprising:
providing a powder, the powder including bacteriophages; and
dispersing the powder in the air in proximity of the surface to apply at least part of the powder on the surface, wherein the powder is dispersed nonpyrogenically using a dry dispersion mechanism.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein
providing the powder includes providing the powder in a load chamber; and
dispersing the powder includes pressurizing the load chamber to a dispersion pressure larger than atmospheric pressure to expel the powder out of the load chamber.
3. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein pressurizing the load chamber includes introducing a pressurized gas having a gas pressure larger than atmospheric pressure in the load chamber.
4. The method as defined in claim 3 , wherein the load chamber is at least in part destroyed when the pressurized gas is introduced in the load chamber.
5. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the powder is expelled out of the load chamber through at least one nozzle in fluid communication with the load chamber.
6. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the load chamber is pressurized to between about 4 MPa and about 7 MPa.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the powder consists essentially of bacteriophages.
8. The method as defined in claim 7 , wherein the bacteriophages are in the form of lyophilized bacteriophage particles.
9. The method as defined in claim 8 , wherein at least 95 percent of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles in particle number has less than about 180 μm in size.
10. The method as defined in claim 9 , wherein at least 95 percent of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles in number have more than about 10 μm in size.
11. The method as defined in claim 8 , wherein at least 95 percent in mass of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles has less than about 180 μm in size.
12. The method as defined in claim 11 , wherein at least 95 percent of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles in mass has more than about 10 μm in size.
13. The method as defined in claim 8 , wherein at least 95 percent of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles in particle number has less than about 45 μm in size.
14. The method as defined in claim 8 , wherein at least 95 percent in mass of the lyophilized bacteriophage particles has less than about 45 μm in size.
15. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the powder further includes auxiliary particles.
16. The method as defined in claim 15 , wherein the powder includes lyophilized bacteriophage particles dispersed in the auxiliary particles.
17. The method as defined in claim 16 , wherein, the lyophilized bacteriophage particles make up from about 1 percent to about 50 percent in mass of the powder.
18. The method as defined in claim 15 , wherein the auxiliary particles are selected from the group consisting of inorganic salt particles, hydrophobic polymer particles, silica particles, polyvinylpyrrolidone particles, cellulose ethers particles, polyethylene glycol particles, polyvinyl alcohol particles, poloxamers particles, MgSO 4 particles, MgCO 3 particles, CaCO 3 particles and talc particles, ionic surfactant particles, non-ionic surfactant particles, magnesium aluminometasilicate particles, cyclodextrins particles, magnesium stearate particles, starch particles, bactericide particles, detergents particles, antibiotics particles, nanoparticles, metallic powders particles, Ag particles, Cu particles, AgCu alloys particles, bimetallic nanoparticles, FeO 4 particles, FeO 3 particles, FeO particles superparamagnetic particles, and combinations thereof.
19. The method as defined in claim 15 , wherein at least part of the bacteriophages are immobilized on the auxiliary particles.
20. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein dispersing the powder includes aerosolizing the powder.
21. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the surface include one of a room surface inside a room, a vehicle surface inside a vehicle, an exposed wound surface, a conduit surface inside a conduit, an outdoors surface in the environment or combinations thereof.
22. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising lysing bacteria present on the surface with the bacteriophages.