Spark plug shell and method of manufacture
A metal shell for a spark plug is made from a steel material that has increased carbon content and, in some embodiments, boron as well. The steel material is well-suited for extrusion because of its ductility, while maintaining requisite strength. The spark plug shell may have a reduced outer diameter (OD HL ) at a crimped hot lock region, such as the case when the shell is used in smaller diameter spark plugs, such as M8 and M10 plugs. According to a non-limiting example, the spark plug shell steel material comprises 0.20-0.55 wt % carbon, inclusive.
1. A spark plug shell, comprising:
a tubular body of steel material, the tubular body having an axial bore with a longitudinal axis (L Shell ),
wherein the steel material comprises 0.20-0.55 wt % carbon, inclusive, and includes a grain structure with a plurality of grains, each of the plurality of grains in the grain structure includes a longitudinal axis (L G ) along a longest extent of the grain and, for a majority of the plurality of grains in the grain structure, the longitudinal axis (L G ) of the grain is aligned with the longitudinal axis (L Shell ) of the axial bore of the shell, wherein the steel material is extruded to form the grain structure.
2. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the steel material comprises 0.45-0.50 wt % carbon, inclusive.
3. The spark plug of claim 1 , wherein the steel material further comprises boron.
4. The spark plug shell of claim 3 , wherein the steel material comprises 5-30 ppm boron, inclusive.
5. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the steel material further comprises 0.30-1.00 wt % manganese, inclusive.
6. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the steel material further comprises 0.001-0.10 wt % titanium, inclusive.
7. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the steel material further comprises at least one of 0.02-0.06 wt % aluminum, inclusive, or 0.01-0.30 wt % silicon, inclusive.
8. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the tubular body includes a terminal end, a free end, and a hot lock region located between the terminal end and the free end, wherein an outer diameter (OD HL ) of the hot lock region is between 0.40-0.50 inches, inclusive, to accommodate a proportionally larger insulator.
9. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the tubular body includes a terminal end, a free end, and a thread region located between the terminal end and the free end, wherein an outer diameter (OD Shell ) of the thread region is between 0.30-0.425 inches, inclusive.
10. A spark plug, comprising:
the spark plug shell of claim 1 ;
an insulator having an axial bore and being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the spark plug shell;
a center electrode being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator; and
a ground electrode being attached to the spark plug shell.
11. The spark plug shell of claim 1 , wherein the grain structure extends to areas of the tubular body that are not diametrically reduced in a secondary forming operation.
12. A spark plug shell, comprising:
a tubular body of steel material, the tubular body having an axial bore with a longitudinal axis (L Shell ),
wherein the steel material comprises a balance of iron, 0.45-0.50 wt % carbon, 5-30 ppm boron, 0.30-1.00 wt % manganese, 0.001-0.10 wt % titanium, and at least one of 0.02-0.06 wt % aluminum or 0.01-0.30 wt % silicon, where each wt % is inclusive, wherein the tubular body includes a terminal end, a free end, and a hot lock region located between the terminal end and the free end, wherein an outer diameter (OD HL ) of the hot lock region is between 0.40-0.50 inches, inclusive, to accommodate a proportionally larger insulator.
13. The spark plug shell of claim 12 , wherein the tubular body includes a terminal end, a free end, and a thread region located between the terminal end and the free end, wherein an outer diameter (OD Shell ) of the thread region is between 0.30-0.425 inches, inclusive.
14. A spark plug, comprising:
the spark plug shell of claim 12 ;
the proportionally larger insulator having an axial bore and being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the spark plug shell;
a center electrode being disposed at least partially within the axial bore of the insulator; and
a ground electrode being attached to the spark plug shell.
15. A method of manufacturing a spark plug shell, comprising the steps of:
extruding a tubular body from a steel material, wherein the steel material comprises 0.20-0.55 wt % carbon, inclusive, and the tubular body has an axial bore with a longitudinal axis (L Shell ); and
crimping a hot lock region in the tubular body once an insulator has been inserted into the axial bore, wherein an outer diameter (OD HL ) of the hot lock region is between 0.40 inches and 0.50 inches, inclusive, to accommodate a proportionally larger insulator.