Bottom nozzle with protective insert
An insertable flux thimble interface for use in a bottom nozzle of a fuel assembly in a nuclear reactor (i.e., a bottom nozzle insert) is disclosed herein. In various aspects, the bottom nozzle insert has properties that are different from traditional bottom nozzle flux thimble interfaces. The properties of the bottom nozzle insert may mitigate wear phenomena observed on the flux thimble. For example, the bottom nozzle insert may be constructed from material that is different from the material of the bottom nozzle. In some aspects, the bottom nozzle insert is constructed from material that has a hardness that is less than the hardness the bottom nozzle material. In other aspects, the bottom nozzle insert is constructed from a material that has a hardness that is less than the hardness of the flux thimble material.
1. A bottom nozzle insert for use in a bottom nozzle of a fuel assembly in a nuclear reactor, the bottom nozzle insert configured to be disposed within a bottom nozzle opening that extends through a bottom nozzle plate of the bottom nozzle, the bottom nozzle opening comprising a cylindrical surface, the bottom nozzle insert comprising:
an outer cylindrical surface configured to seat against the cylindrical surface of the bottom nozzle opening;
a first inner cylindrical surface defining a first diameter, wherein the first diameter is sized for a flux thimble to be inserted through a first portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the first inner cylindrical surface;
a second inner cylindrical surface defining a second diameter, wherein the second diameter is sized for an instrumentation tube of the fuel assembly to be inserted into a second portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the second inner cylindrical surface and seat against the second inner cylindrical surface, and wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter and sized such that the instrumentation tube is not insertable into the first portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the first inner cylindrical surface;
a first rim comprising a first end surface of the bottom nozzle insert; and
a second rim comprising a second end surface of the bottom nozzle insert.
2. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 1 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening further comprises a conical surface extending radially outward from the cylindrical surface, the bottom nozzle insert further comprising:
an outer conical surface extending radially outward from the outer cylindrical surface and terminating at the first end surface, the outer conical surface configured to seat against the conical surface of the bottom nozzle opening;
wherein seating the outer conical surface of the bottom nozzle insert against the conical surface of the bottom nozzle opening ensures that a longitudinal axis of the bottom nozzle is coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the bottom nozzle opening and perpendicular to the bottom nozzle plate.
3. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 1 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening further comprises a crimp feature extending radially outward from the cylindrical surface, the bottom nozzle insert further comprising:
a third inner cylindrical surface terminating at the second end surface;
wherein the outer cylindrical surface and the second inner cylindrical surface define a first thickness;
wherein the outer cylindrical surface and the third inner cylindrical surface define a second thickness;
wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and
wherein the second thickness is sized to allow a portion of the second rim to be crimped against the crimp feature of the bottom nozzle opening.
4. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 1 , wherein the second inner cylindrical surface terminates at the second end surface, and wherein the bottom nozzle insert further comprises a notch feature defined in the second inner cylindrical surface sized to allow a portion of the second rim to be crimped against a crimp feature of the bottom nozzle opening.
5. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 1 , further comprising a material that has a hardness less than a hardness of nickel alloy 718.
6. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 5 , wherein the material comprises 300 series stainless steel.
7. The bottom nozzle insert of claim 5 , wherein the material comprises zirconium.
8. A bottom nozzle assembly for use in a fuel assembly in a nuclear reactor, the bottom nozzle assembly comprising:
a bottom nozzle plate comprising a bottom nozzle opening that extends through the bottom nozzle plate, wherein the bottom nozzle opening defines a cylindrical surface; and
a bottom nozzle insert disposed within the bottom nozzle opening, the bottom nozzle insert comprising:
an outer cylindrical surface configured to seat against the cylindrical surface of the bottom nozzle opening;
a first inner cylindrical surface defining a first diameter, wherein the first diameter is sized for a flux thimble to be inserted through a first portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the first inner cylindrical surface;
a second inner cylindrical surface defining a second diameter, wherein the second diameter is sized for an instrumentation tube of the fuel assembly to be inserted into a second portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the second inner cylindrical surface and seat against the second inner cylindrical surface, and wherein the first diameter is smaller than the second diameter and sized such that the instrumentation tube is not insertable into the first portion of the bottom nozzle insert defined by the first inner cylindrical surface;
a first rim comprising a first end surface of the bottom nozzle; and
a second rim comprising a second end surface of the bottom nozzle.
9. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 8 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening further defines a conical surface extending radially outward from the cylindrical surface, and wherein the bottom nozzle insert further comprises:
an outer conical surface extending radially outward from the outer cylindrical surface and terminating at the first end surface, the outer conical surface configured to seat against the conical surface of the bottom nozzle opening;
wherein seating the outer conical surface of the bottom nozzle insert against the conical surface of the bottom nozzle opening ensures that a longitudinal axis of the bottom nozzle is coaxial with a longitudinal axis of the bottom nozzle opening and perpendicular to the bottom nozzle plate.
10. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 8 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening comprises a crimp feature extending radially outward from the cylindrical surface, and wherein the bottom nozzle insert further comprises:
a third inner cylindrical surface terminating at the second end surface;
wherein the outer cylindrical surface and the second inner cylindrical surface define a first thickness;
wherein the outer cylindrical surface and the third inner cylindrical surface define a second thickness;
wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness; and
wherein the second thickness is sized to allow a portion of the second rim to be crimped against the crimp feature of the bottom nozzle opening.
11. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 10 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening comprises two crimp features.
12. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 10 , wherein the bottom nozzle opening comprises four crimp features.
13. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 8 , wherein the second inner cylindrical surface terminates at the second end surface, and wherein the bottom nozzle insert further comprises a notch feature defined in the second inner cylindrical surface sized to allow a portion of the second rim to be crimped against a crimp feature of the bottom nozzle opening.
14. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 8 , wherein the bottom nozzle insert comprises a first material, wherein the bottom nozzle plate comprises a second material, and wherein the first material and the second material are different.
15. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 14 , wherein the first material has a hardness that is less than a hardness of the second material.
16. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 15 , wherein the second material comprises nickel alloy 718.
17. The bottom nozzle assembly of claim 14 , wherein the bottom nozzle plate is formed using additive manufacturing.