VTOL M-wing configuration
A vertical landing and take-off aircraft VTOL transitions from a vertical takeoff state to a cruise state where the vertical takeoff state uses propellers to generate lift and the cruise state uses wings to generate lift. The aircraft has an M-wing configuration with propellers located on the wingtip nacelles, wing booms, and tail boom. The wing boom and/or the tail boom can include boom control effectors. Hinged control surfaces on the wings, tail boom, and tail tilt during takeoff and landing to yaw the vehicle. The boom control effectors, cruise propellers, stacked propellers, and control surfaces can have different positions during different modes of operation in order to control aircraft movement and mitigate noise generated by the aircraft.
1. An aircraft comprising:
a fuselage;
an M-wing coupled to the fuselage, the M-wing having a port portion and a starboard portion, the port portion and the starboard portion each including a first segment extending outwardly from the fuselage to a respective inflection point and a second segment extending outwardly from each respective inflection point, the first segment and the second segment joining at a non-zero angle at the inflection point;
a tail region extending from the fuselage;
a set of propellers including a first propeller and a second propeller, the first propeller is coupled to the port portion of the M-wing and the second propeller is coupled to the starboard portion of the M-wing;
a first wing boom coupled to the port portion of the M-wing proximate the inflection point of the port portion, the first propeller being coupled behind the M-wing to the first wing boom; and
a second wing boom coupled to the starboard portion of the M-wing proximate the inflection point of the starboard portion, the second propeller being coupled behind the M-wing to the second wing boom.
2. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the first propeller and the second propeller are located in front of a center of gravity of the aircraft.
3. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the first wing boom or the second wing boom includes a boom control effector configured to direct airflow generated by the first propeller or second propeller.
4. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the first wing boom or the second wing boom is hollow and is configured as a resonator tuned to a frequency of the first propeller or second propeller during a mode of operation.
5. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the first propeller and the second propeller each include a set of co-rotating propellers.
6. The aircraft of claim 5 , further comprising:
a first motor coupled to a first co-rotating propeller of each set, and
a second motor coupled to a second co-rotating propeller of each set.
7. The aircraft of claim 6 , wherein one of the first motor or the second motor controls the first and second co-rotating propellers when the other motor fails.
8. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising;
a first cruise propeller coupled to a first nacelle at a free end of the starboard portion of the M-wing; and
a second cruise propeller coupled to a second nacelle at a free end of the port portion of the M-wing.
9. The aircraft of claim 8 , wherein the first nacelle and the second nacelle are configured to be perpendicular to the fuselage during a first mode of operation and parallel to the fuselage during a second mode of operation.
10. The aircraft of claim 8 , wherein the first cruise propeller rotates in a direction opposite to a rotation of the second cruise propeller during a mode of operation.
11. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the tail region includes a T-tail having a fin with a rudder configured to control yaw motion of the aircraft and a tail plane coupled perpendicularly to the fin.
12. The aircraft of claim 11 , wherein the tail plane includes a tail control surface configured to rotate about an axis parallel to the tail plane to control the pitch of the aircraft.
13. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising an internal cavity located in the first wing boom and an internal cavity located in the second wing boom, each internal cavity being configured to contain one of the first propeller or the second propeller during a mode of operation.
14. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the first propeller rotates in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of the second propeller during a mode of operation.
15. The aircraft of claim 1 , wherein the tail region includes a tail boom.
16. The aircraft of claim 15 , wherein the tail boom includes a boom control effector configured to direct airflow generated by a propeller.
17. The aircraft of claim 15 , wherein the tail boom is hollow and is configured as a resonator tuned to a frequency of a propeller during a mode of operation.
18. The aircraft of claim 1 , further comprising a third propeller coupled to the tail region.
19. The aircraft of claim 18 , wherein the third propeller includes a set of co-rotating propellers.
20. The aircraft of claim 18 , further comprising:
a fourth propeller coupled to the tail region of the aircraft, wherein the fourth propeller rotates in a direction opposite to a rotational direction of the third propeller during a mode of operation.